HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 


j Re 

u 


IANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  TH^  THREE  AMP 


e 16,  1888.- 


-Committed  to  the  Committee  of  the  Whole  House  on  the 
Union  and  ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  I^elmont,  from  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs,  submitted  the 
} following 

) REPORT: 

[To  accompany  hill  H.  R.  10541.1 

The  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs,  to  whom  was  referred  the  bill  H. 
R.  8868,  entitled  “A  bill  to  provide  for  a world’s  exposition  at  the 
national  capital  in  1892,  and  thereafter  a permanent  exposition  of  the 
three  Americas,  in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  dis- 
covery of  America,”  have  had  the  same  under  consideration,  and  beg 
leave  to  report,  in  lieu  thereof,  the  following  substitute : 

A.  BILL  to  provide  for  a permanent  exposition  of  the  three  Americas,  at  the  national  capital  in 
honor  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America. 

Whereas  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-two  will  be  the  four  hundredth  an- 
niversary of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Christopher  Columbus : Therefore, 

Be  ii  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  Connress  assembled,  That  a permanent  exposition  of  the  three  Americas  may  be  es- 
tablished at  the  nations1  capital  under  the jon  t auspices  of  the  forty-six  States  and 
Territories  and  the  sixteen  independent  nation-  of  the  American  continent. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  President  of  tho  Unit'd  States  i hereby  authorized  to  appoint  a 
governmental  board  of  nine  directors  to  Anmu’.'tea  plan  for  the  proposed  exposition. 

Sec.  3.  That  said  plan  shall  include  the  appointment  of  an  advisory  board  of  sixty- 
two  members,  one  to  be  appointed  by  the  governor  of  each  of  the  forty-six  States  and 
Territories,  and  one  by  the  executive  of  each  of  the  sixteen  independent  American 
nations. 

Sec.  4.  That  space  for  said  permanent  exposition  of  the  three  Americas  be  assigned, 
under  direction  of  the  President,  in  some  unoccupied  governmental  reservation  in  the 
city  of  Washington,  as  follows : 

I.  Space  for  a permanent  State  and  Territorial  building  for  a permanent  exhibit  of 
the  representative  history,  resources,  arts,  and  industries  of  the  forty-six  States  and 
Territories  of  the  United  States,  said  space  to  be  available  whenever  said  States  and 
Territories,  or  a majority  thereof,  shall  make  the  necessary  appropriations  for  the  ex- 
penses of  said  building  and  exhibit. 

II.  Space  for  a permanent  three  Americas  building  for  a permanent  exhibit  of  the 
history,  antiquities,  resources,  arts,  and  industries  of  the  fifteen  Spanish-American 
Republics,  the  Empire  of  Brazil,  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  and  tho  various  colonies 
of  North,  Centra],  and  South  America,  said  space  to  be  available  whenever  said  na- 
tions and  colonies,  or  a majority  thereof,  shall  make  the  necessary  appropriations  for 
the  expenses  of  said  building  and  exhibit. 

III.  A suitable  site  for  a statue  of  Chiistopher  Columbus,  said  site  to  be  available 
whenever  the  necessary  funds  are  provided  for  the  expenses  of  said  statue. 

Sec.  5.  That  when  tiie  plan  shall  have  been  formed  as  provided  in  section  two,  the 
President  of  the  United  States  is  authorized  to  invite  the  several  States  and  Territo- 
ries of  the  United  States  and  the  several  nations  of  the  three  Americas  to  appoint 
their  respective  members  of  the  advisory  board,  and  to  participate  in  said  exposition 
in  the  manner  heretofore  provided. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  sum  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars,  out  of  any  money  in  the 
Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  is 
hereby  appropriated  to  defray  the  necessary  expenses  of  said  board  of  directors. 


The  various  nations  of  the  American  continent  have  exp 
to  suitably  commemorate  the  coming  four  hundredth 
e discovery  of  the  New  World  by  Christopher  Columb 
83  King  Alphonso  XII,  of  Spain,  stated,  “ It  is  an  ev 
world  would  be  interested,  and  in  which  the  lead 
nitA”  * — 

r Castelar  said  upon  the  same  occasion : “ I would 
s interested  so  combine  as  to  make  this  anniversary 
brable  and  the  greatest  ever  held  in  the  history  of  the  wor. 
ore  recently  (on  the  15th  of  July,  1887)  the  Spanish  minister  of 
ate,  Senor  Don  S.  Moret,  informed  Hon.  J.  L.  M.  Curry,  our  minister 
to  that  country,  that  the  council  of  ministers  had  decided  u that  Spain 
will  take  the  initiative  in  celebrating  in  the  most  solemn  manner  the 
centenary  of  the  discovery  of  America  in  the  year  1492;”  also,  “that 
Spain  is  ready  at  the  same  time  to  take  part  in  any  other  celebration 
and  solemnity  which  may  be  undertaken  on  the  American  continent  to 
commemorate  the  great  event.” 

Italy  and  Spanish  America  have  for  some  time  past  been  looking  for- 
ward to  this  event,  and  considering  what  steps  should  be  taken  in  com- 
memoration. 

Your  committee  think  that  the  United  States  should  take  the  initia- 
tive in  this  matter.  A national  board  of  promotion,  composed  of  the 
governors  of  most  of  the  States  and  Territories,  the  mayors  of  leading 
cities,  the  officers  of  boards  of  trade  throughout  the  country,  and  many 
other  prominent  citizens,  representing  all  of  the  forty-seven  States  and 
Territories,  have,  during  the  past  two  years,  created  a strong  public  sen- 
timent in  support  of  the  movement,  and  have  submitted  to  Congress 
a carefully  considered  plan  for  a national  and  international  celebration 
in  1892  in  honor  of  the  quadri-centennial  of  the  discovery  of  the  New 
World  by  Columbus. 

That  portion  of  this  plan  relating  to  a State  and  Territorial  exhibit 
and  a three  Americas  exhibit  requires  immediate  attention  this  session, 
in  order  that  these  States  and  Territories  and  the  other  American  na- 
tions may  have  time  for  preparation. 

Of  the  total  forty-six  State  and  Territorial  legislatures  of  the  United 
States,  thirty-three  meet  during  the  coming  seven  months,  and  nearly 
all  of  these  in  biennial  session.  Hence  it  is  of  importance  that  no  time 
be  lost  in  extending  the  invitation  provided  for  in  the  bill  reported. 

The  United  States  has  repeatedly,  during  the  past  thirty-five  years, 
accepted  invitations, to  participate  in  international  expositions  at  the 
capitals  and  leading  cities  or  European  and  other  foreign  nations. 

During  the  present  session  Congress  has,  by  legislation,  accepted 
invitations  to  Paris,  Brussels,  Melbourne,  and  Barcelona. 

At  our  own  national  capital  there  has  never  been  a gatheringof  nations 
at  an  exposition.  The  committee  unanimously  report  and  recommend 
the  passage  of  the  substitute  bill  herewith  submitted. 


Page. 


I.  Remarks  by  Alex.  D.  Anderson  on  the  proposed  Three  Americas  and 

Worlds  Exposition 1 

II.  Remarks  by  John  W.  Powell  on  the  proposed  Three  Americas  Museum..  15 

III.  Remarks  by  M.  V.  Montgomery  on  the  proposed  building  for  working 

models  of  great  American  inventions 14 

IV.  Diagram  of  Exposition  Park (opposite)..  17 

V.  House  bill  No.  8868 18 

VI.  Resolutions  of  national  and  international  conventions 19 

VII.  Resolutions  of  boards  of  trade,  city  councils,  etc 22 

VIII.  Letters  from  governors  of  States  and  Territories 29 

IX.  Extracts  from  letters  from  boards  of  trade,  mayors  of  cities,  etc 40 

X.  Letters  from  ministers  of  American  Nations 43 

XI.  Extracts  from  press  comments. 47 

XII.  Action  of  the  Government  of  Spain 49 

XIII.  Officers  and  members  of  the  National  Board  of  Promotion 53 


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REMARKS  BY  ALEX.  D.  ANDERSON,  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NATIONAL 

BOARD  OF  PROMOTION,  BEFORE  THE  HOUSE  COMMITTEE  ON  FOREIGN 

AFFAIRS , JUNE  7,  1888,  ON  THE  PROPOSED  WORLD’S  EXPOSITION  OF 

1892  AND  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 

Mr.  Chairman  and  gentlemen -of  the  committee:  Believing  that  pride 
as  well  as  self-interest  in  American  history,  institutions,  and  prog- 
ress require  that  the  several  sister  nations  of  the  New  World  should 
unite  in  celebrating  the  coming  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  dis- 
covery of  America  by  Columbus,  a National  Board  of  Promotion,  com- 
posed of  members  from  all  the  forty-six  States  and  Territories,  has  been 
organized  to  prepare  for  the  coming  event. 

BOARD  OF  PROMOTION. 

This  board  is  composed  of  the  governors  of  thirty -eight  States  and 
Territories,  the  mayors  of  fifty-three  leading  cities,  one  hundred  and 
fifty-five  presidents  and  secretaries  of  boards  of  trade  and  other  com- 
mercial organizations  throughout  the  United  States,  the  officers  of  many 
of  the  State  and  Territorial  granges  and  agricultural  societies,  the  re- 
gent and  many  of  the  vice-regents  of  the  Ladies7  Mount  Vernon  Asso- 
ciation of  the  Union,  and  many  other  prominent  citizens. 

We  come  before  your  honorable  committee  as  representatives  of  this 
organization  to  urge  the  passage  of  the  pending  bill,  No.  8868,  entitled 
“ A bill  to  provide  for  a world’s  exposition  at  the  national  capital,  in 
1892,  and  thereafter  a permanent  exposition  of  the  three  Americas,  in 
honor  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  w 

MANAGEMENT. 

Believing  that  the  dignity  and  magnitude  of  the  subject  forbid  its 
management  by  a private  corporation,  and  that  the  proposed  celebra- 
tion and  exposition  should  be  under  the  auspices  and  control  of  Ameri- 
can Governments  and  States,  we  have  suggested  that  the  management 
consist  of  a governmental  board  of  twenty-one  directors,  seven  to  be 
appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  seven  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Senate,  and  seven  by  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives ; and  an  advisory  beard  of  sixty -two  members,  one  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  governor  of  each  of  the  forty-six  States  and  Territories, 
and  one  by  the  chief  executive  of  each  of  the  sixteen  independent 
American  natious. 

PROPOSED  PLAN. 

The  bill  asks  for  the  assignment  of  space  upon  some  unoccupied  gov- 
ernmental reservation,  at  the  national  capital,  as  follows: 

I.  Space  for  a permanent  State  and  Territorial  building  for  a perma- 
nent exhibit  of  the  representative  history,  resources,  arts,  and  indus- 


6 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


tries  of  the  forty-six  States  and  Territories  of  the  United  States,  said 
space  to  be  available  whenever  said  States  and  Territories,  or  a major- 
ity thereof,  shall  make  the  necessary  appropriations  for  the  expenses 
of  said  building  and  exhibit. 

II.  Space  for  a permanent  three  Americas  building  for  a permanent 
exhibit  of  the  history,  antiquities,  resources,  arts,  and  industries  of  the 
fifteen  Spanish-AmericanBepublics,the  Empire  of  Brazil,  the  Dominion 
of  Canada,  and  the  various  colonies  of  North,  Central, and  South  America, 
said  space  to  be  available  whenever  said  nations  and  colonies,  or  a ma- 
jority thereof,  shall  make  the  necessary  appropriations  for  the  expenses 
of  said  building  and  exhibit. 

III.  A suitable  site  for  a statue  of  Christopher  Columbus,  said  site  to 
be  available  whenever  the  necessary  funds  are  provided  for  the  expenses 
of  said  statue. 

IV.  Space  for  the  enlargement  of  the  present  National  Museum  into 
a Continental  or  Three  Americas  Museum,  said  space  to  be  available 
whenever  the  necessary  funds  are  provided  for  said  purpose. 

V.  Space  for  a permanent  building,  under  the  control  of  the  Interior 
Department,  for  the  exhibit  of  working  models  of  important  American 
inventions,  said  space  to  be  available  whenever  the  necessary  funds  are 
provided  for  said  purpose. 

VI.  Space  for  a temporary  building,  or  buildings,  for  a temporary 
exhibit,  between  the  1st  of  May  and  the  31st  of  October,  1892,  by  all 
nations  other  than  those  of  the  American  continent,  and  by  the  private 
exhibitors  of  all  nations  of  the  world,  said  space  to  be  available  when- 
ever the  necessary  funds  are  provided  for  said  building  and  the  ex- 
penses of  conducting  said  exhibit. 

The  first  three  of  these  items  would  complete  the  proposed  permanent 
exposition  of  all  American  nations  and  states,  for  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  has  already  in  existence  at  the  national  capital  a gov- 
ernmental exhibit  which  has  cost  more  than  $50,000,000.  I mean  by 
this  that  the  National  Museum,  the  Smithsonian,  the  Washington 
Monument,  the  Capitol  Building  with  its  treasures  of  art,  the  State, 
War  and  Navy  Building,  the  Interior  Department  including  the  Patent 
Office,  the  Executive  Mansion,  the*  Treasury  Department,  Post-Office 
Department,  and  the  various  other  public  buildings  are  practically  an 
exhibit,  showing  the  workings  of  the  Government,  and  a constant  source 
of  attraction  to  visitors  and  tourists. 

The  addition  to  this  governmental  nucleus  of  a representative  State 
and  Territorial  exhibit,  and  a representative  exhibit  of  the  various 
American  sister  nations,  involves  no  expense  whatever  to  the  United 
States,  but  simply  the  assignment  of  space  upon  some  unoccupiedagov- 
ernmental  reservation  (the  reclaimed  Potomac  flats,  for  instance),  in 
order  that  they,  at  their  own  expense,  may  join  with  the  United  States 
in  a grand  and  dignified  tribute  to  American  institutions,  civilization, 
and  progress. 

The  third  item — the  assignment  of  space  for  a statue  of  Christopher 
Columbus — does  not  necessarily  involve  any  expense  to  the  Government, 
for  people  of  the  United  States  would  readily  contribute  the  necessary 
funds  for  the  erection  of  a monument  in  honor  of  his  grand  achievements. 

Items  four  and  five  are  not  necessarily  a part  of  the  exposition  pro- 
ject, but  are  thrown  in  as  a suggestion,  that  if  the  United  States  wishes 
to  enlarge  its  governmental  exhibit  for  the  coming  anniversary  of  1892, 
the  enlargement  of  the  National  Museum  into  a Continental  Museum, 
and  the  erection  of  a building  for  working  models  of  great  and  impor- 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS.  7 

taut  American  inventions  would  be  exceedingly  appropriate,  useful,  and 
valuable  contributions  to  American  greatness  and  grandeur. 

The  last  item — the  temporary,  exhibit  for  six  months  in  1892 — can 
easily  be  made  self-supporting;  for  when  the  above-mentioned  govern- 
mental and  permanent  exhibit  is  arranged,  the  manufacturers  of  the 
United  States,  railway  companies  tributary  to  Washington,  and  other 
private  capitalists  and  exhibitors  would  doubtless  provide  the  neces- 
sary funds  for  the  erection  and  maintenance  of  the  temporary  exhibit. 

In  brief,  no  appropriation  is  asked  in  this  bill  except  such  as  is  likely 
to  be  made,  regardless  of  an  exposition,  for  the  erection  of  much-needed 
governmental  buildings. 

PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  DEFINED. 

As  there  seems  to  be  some  confusion  on  the  part  of  the  press  and 
public  in  regard  to  the  meaning  of  the  term  u permanent  exposition,”  I 
would  say  that  it  does  not  mean  a permanent  exhibit  of  private  mer- 
chandise and  exhibits,  accompanied  by  an  admission  fee,  but  rather 
representative  exhibits  of  States,  Terri tories  and  American  nations,  free 
of  charge,  and  in  the  nature  of  a permanent  repository  or  museum, 
under  governmental  control.  The  proposed  exhibit  by  merchants  and 
manufacturers  is  but  a temporary  affair  for  the  six  months  of  1892,  and 
should  then  be  removed;  whereas  the  State  and  Territorial  and  the 
Three  Americas  exhibit  should  remain  for  all  time,  as  a lasting  monument 
to  the  progress  and  development  of  American  states  and  nations. 

ADVANTAGES  OF  THE  NATIONAL  CAPITAL. 

Your  attention  is  briefly  invited  to  the  remarkable  advantages  ot  the 
city  of  Washington  tor  the  purposes  of  the  proposed  exhibition. 

It  is  the  capital  of  the  oldest  and  foremost  of  the  sixteen  American 
Republics. 

It  is  the  city  of  the  nation  and  of  all  the  States  ; hence  it  is  not  in 
rivalry  with  commercial  cities.  It  is,  in  brief,  common  ground  ; a city 
upon  which  all  others  can  unite. 

Its  transportation  facilities  are  ample  both  by  rail  and  water,  and  it 
has  a surrounding  population,  within  a radius  of  200  miles,  or  one 
night’s  travel,  of  ten  million  souls. 

It  has  an  easily-accessible  park  of  300  acres  within  the  heart  of  the 
city,  extending  from  the  Capitol  to  the  Washington  Monument,  to 
which  is  now  being  added  700  acres  by  the  reclamation  of  the  Potomac 
Flats,  making  a total  area  of  1,000  acres.  This  park  is  so  accessible  to 
the  leading  hotels,  that  not  even  a street  car  is  needed  to  reach  it. 

Within  this  park,  and  immediately  facing  it,  are  the  National  Mu- 
seum and  the  various  other  Governmental  buildings  previously  enu- 
merated, which  are  practically  an  exposition  nucleus,  and  have  cost 
more  than  $50,000,000.  Whatever  additions  may  be  made  to  this  nu- 
cleus, such  as  the  enlargement  of  the  present  National  Museum  into  a 
Continental  or  Three  Americas  Museum  and  the  proposed  building  for 
working  models  of  great  American  inventions,  will  be  a perfectly  safe 
investment,  as  they  will  be  needed  for  all  time,  and  will  not  be  torn 
down,  at  great  loss,  as  buildings  previously  erected  for  exposition  pur- 
poses at  New  Orleans  and  Philadelphia. 

Again,  it  is  safer  and  more  dignified  to  keep  the  treasures  of  the  Na- 
tional Museum  and  Departments  at  home  in  tire-proof  buildings  at  the 
capital  than  to  further  engage  in  the  traveling-show  business  by  tak- 


8 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


in g portions  of  these  important  relics  to  other  cities,  for  they  may  be 
lost  on  the  way  or  destroyed  in  buildings  which  are  not  fire-proof. 

In  brief,  what  could  be  grander  or  more  useful  and  impressive  than 
the  states  and  nations  of  the  Three  Americas  and  of  the  world  en- 
camped, as  it  were,  around  Washington’s  Monument  and  under  the 
shadow  of  the  national  Capitol,  where  they  can  see  the  Government  of 
the  United  States  in  all  of  its  grandeur  and  glory,  and  where,  in  turn, 
Congress  and  the  official  representatives  of  our  Government  can  view 
a panorama  of  the  history,  arts,  and  industries  of  all  America  and  of 
the  world. 

FUNDAMENTAL  OBJECT. 

The  immediate  object  of  the  proposed  celebration  and  exposition  is, 
of  course,  a tribute  to  the  memory  of  Columbus ; but  outside  of  this 
idea  the  leading  purpose  is  to  stimulate  more  intimate  commercial  and 
social  relations  between  the  United  States  and  the  several  sister  nations 
of  the  three  Americas. 

It  is  an  astonishing  and  disgraceful  fact  that  the  commerce  of  the 
various  American  nations  and  colonies  south  of  the  United  States  is 
mainly  with  Europe.  Their  annual  commerce  (exports  and  imports  of 
merchandise)  is,  in  round  numbers,  $1,000,000,000  in  value,  of  which  we 
control  but  one-sixth  part.  While  they  abound  in  raw  materials  of  all 
kinds  they  are  exceedingly  deficient  in  manufactures,  bence  they  are 
most  desirable  markets  for  us  to  supply  with  our  surplus  products. 

According  to  the  census  of  1880  the  annual  manufactures  of  the 
United  States  were  upwards  of  $5,000,000,000  in  value,  of  which  enor- 
mous product  but  2 per  cenU  icere  sold  in  foreign  markets.  The  reasou 
is  apparent  when  we  reflect  that  Europe  is  well  supplied  with  manu- 
factures of  its  own  and  has  a surplus  for  export,  and  that  the  unsup- 
plied markets  of  Spanish  and  Portuguese  America  have  been  sadly 
neglected  by  our  merchants. 

EUROPE  IN  SPANISH  AMERICA. 

How  great  this  neglect  has  been  can  best  be  appreciated  by  a glance 
at  the  prestige  Europe  has  acquired  in  the  material  development  and 
commerce  of  those  countries. 

England  alone  has  more  than  $750,000,000  invested  in  governmental 
securities  and  railways  of  South  America,  and  controls  a large  portion 
of  its  trade. 

Germany  is  equally  alive  to  the  commercial  importance  of  the  Spanish - 
American  markets,  as  may  be  seen  by  reference  to  a press  dispatch, 
published  in  1885,  to  which  I invite  your  attention.  It  says : 

Information  has  reached  here  that  the  German  Government  has  recently  sent  to 
South  America  a commercial  commission  with  the  same  object  in  view  that  was  sought 
by  the  United  States  commissioners,  who  have  recently  returned  from  that  contineut. 
The  German  commission  is  composed  of  Prince  Frederick  von  Hoheulolie  and  Herr 
von  Scholer,  and  they  propose  to  visit  all  the  countries  of  Central  and  South  America 
for  the,  purpose  of  studying  those  markets,  and  cultivating  friendly  relations  with 
them.  England  has  had  almost  a monopoly  of  the  South  American  trade,  but  the 
Germans  are  making  great  efforts  to  introduce  their  goods,  and  a line  of  steamers 
from  Hamburg  has  recently  commenced  making  regular  trips  to  the  west  coast  as  far 
as  Guatemala,  under  Government  patronage. 

Spain  also  has  ambitions  in  the  same  direction,  as  is  indicated  by  a dis- 
patch from  Madrid,  published  in  this  country  in  April  of  last  year,  as 
follows: 

Leading  statesmen  and  literary  men  interested  are  uniting  with  influential  poli- 
ticians of  Central  and  South  America  in  advocating  closer  commercial  and  political 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


9 


relations  between  the  Spanish  countries  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic,  with  the  idea 
of  eventually  forming  a commercial  Zollverein  and  political  alliance  to  enable  the 
states  interested  to  combat  the  growing  influence  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race,  especially 
in  Central  America,  Mexico,  and  the  West  Indies,  and  in  order  to  prevent  the  Panama 
Canal  fallihg  into  the  hands  of  America,  as  the  Spaniards  expect  that  Cuba  and  Porto 
Rico  will  be  great  gainers  by  the  opening  of  the  canal.  Seiiors  Canovas  del  Castillo, 
Castelar,  and  Martos,  and  the  Marquis  de  la  Vega  de  Armijo  head  the  movement,  which 
excites  much  interest  and  heralds  a series  of  measures  tending  less  to  improve  the 
commercial  relations  between  Cuba  and  America  than  to  forward  the  foregoing  scheme 
and  divert  Cuban  trade  to  Europe  and  the  Spanish-American  Republics. 

France,  as  you  know,  is  to  hold  a world’s  exposition  at  Paris  in  1889. 
It  is  a significant  fact  that  the  Spanish-American  Republics  have  nearly 
all  accepted  invitations,  while  the  monarchies  of  Europe  refuse  to  par- 
ticipate. The  exposition  will,  of  course,  most  favorably  introduce  the 
manufacturers  of  France  to  the  Spanish-American  markets. 

For  these  reasons,  if  for  no  others,  the  proposed  exposition  of  the 
three  Americas  at  Washington  is  a matter  of  transcendent  practical 
importance  to  the  merchants  and  manufacturers  of  the  United  States, 
and  may  easily  be  made  the  entering  wedge  to  an  enlarged  foreign  com- 
merce with  the  rest  of  this  hemisphere. 

AMERICANS  IN  EUROPE. 

Again,  according  to  a careful  statistical  estimate  submitted  to  the 
Department  of  State  by  one  of  our  consuls  in  Germany,  over  $100,000,000 
are  annually  spent  by  Americans  in  Europe  for  purposes  of  travel, 
pleasure,  art,  education,  etc. 

The  recent  appropriations  by  Congress  for  expositions  at  Paris,  Brus- 
sels, Melbourne,  and  Barcelona,  while  necessary  and  commendable  for 
obvious  reasons,  will,  nevertheless,  largely  add  to  the  sum  annually 
taken  by  tourists  to  foreign  lands. 

Our  exposition  project,  on  the  contrary,  will  have  the  opposite  effect, 
and  will  attract  thousands  of  visitors  from  the  Old  World,  and  many 
millions  of  dollars,  for  pleasure,  study  of  American  history,  aud  invest- 
ment. If  by  building  up  the  proposed  exposition  on  the  scale  proposed 
we  can  make  our  national  capital  the  Paris  of  America  in  beauty  aud 
attractions,  the  Berlin  of  America  in  educational  advantages,  the  Rome 
of  America  in  art,  and  the  Mecca  of  America  for  tourists,  students, 
and  others  from  the  outside  world,  it  is  a movement  which  should  be  sus- 
tained by  every  patriotic  American  citizen. 

AMERICAN  PRIDE. 

But  there  is  another  consideration  of  still  greater  importance  which 
should  insure  the  immediate  passage  of  this  bill.  I refer  to  the  recent 
action  of  the  Government  of  Spain.  In  July  last  Senor  Don  S.  Moret, 
the  Spanish  minister  of  state,  notified  Hon.  J.  L.  M.  Curry,  our  minister 
to  that  country,  that  the  council  of  ministers  had  decided — 

First — That  Spain  will  take  tlie  initiative  in  celebrating  in  the  most  solemn  man- 
ner the  centenary  of  the  discovery  of  America  in  the  year  1892. 

Second — That  for  this  purpose  it  will  invite  all  nations  who  people  the  territories 
discovered  by  Columbus  to  take  part  in  the  celebration  ; and 

Third — That  Spain  is  ready,  at  the  same  time,  to  take  part  in  any  other  celebration 
and  solemnity  which  may  be  undertaken  on  the  American  continent  to  commemorate 
the  great  event. 

In  other  words,  Spain  has  expressed  a desire  to  pay  tribute  to  Amer- 
ica by  celebrating  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  its  discovery. 
Now,  I respectfully  submit  that  not  only  pride  but  self-interest  require 


10  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


that  the  foremost  American  nation — the  United  States — respond  to  this 
sentiment  by  taking  the  initiative  in  celebrating  this  great  historical 
event,  in  a manner  becoming  the  dignity,  greatness,  and  grandeur  of 
the  New  World  which  Columbus  discovered. 

CONCLUSION. 

In  conclusion,  I desire  to  add  that  the  project  thus  submitted  is  an  ex- 
position with  an  idea,  and  that  the  idea  is  greater  than  the  exposition  in 
that  it  aims  at  the  establishment  of  an  American  hemispherical  policy 
based  upon  more  intimate  commercial  and  social  relations  with  the 
several  sister  nations  of  the  Three  Americas. 

Sound  public  policy  requires  the  speedy  consummation  of  this  move- 
ment. 

I submit  herewith  a list  of  the  officers  and  members  of  the  National 
Board  of  Promotion,  who  are  advocating  this  movement,  copies  of  reso- 
lutions of  national  and  international  conventions,  boards  of  trade,  and 
city  councils ; also  letters  from  the  governors  of  States  and  Territories, 
and  ministers  of  American  nations,  extracts  from  press  comments, 
and  other  documents,  showing  an  overwhelming  public  sentiment  in 
its  favor. 


II. 


REMARKS  BY  JOHN  W.  POWELL,  DIRECTOR  OF  THE  U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL 

SURVEY,  BEFORE  THE  HOUSE  COMMITTEE  ON  FOREIGN  AFFAIRS, 

JUNE  7,  188 8,  ON  THE  PROPOSED  THREE  AMERICAS  MUSEUM, 

Mr.  Chairman  and  Gentlemen  of  the  Committee:  The  value  of  great 
national  fairs  or  expositions  has  been  abundantly  shown  by  the  history 
of  such  enterprises,  alike  in  America  and  in  Europe.  A great  national 
fair  is  a stupendous  object  lesson  in  industrial  civilization. 

The  discovery  of  America  is  the  event  which  it  is  designed  to  cele- 
brate, and  its  importance  is  unparalleled  in  the  history  of  human  prog- 
ress. At  that  time  a continent  was  found  peopled  by  savages  and  bar- 
barians, who  did  not  occupy  the  land,  but  who  were  scattered  along  the 
water-courses  and  shores  in  little  tribes  far  distant  from  one  another. 
In  their  ignorance  the  beautiful  earth,  with  all  its  potential  gifts  for 
civilized  man,  was  but  a hunting-ground,  a berry  patch,  a tobacco  gar- 
den, and  a battle-field.  But  the  discovery  of  this  New  World  gave  North 
and  South  America  to  the  plow,  the  mine,  the  workshop,  the  highway, 
and  the  market ; a new  world  was  delivered  to  civilized  man  as  a theater 
for  new  and  highly  developed  industries,  and  better  than  all,  as  a theater 
for  new  and  highly  developed  institutions,  founded  upon  principles  that 
recognize  a wider  liberty  and  more  just  equality,  and  a fraternity  that 
embraces  a greater  scope  of  imperative  duties  than  had  previously  been 
recognized  in  the  history  of  man.  This  great  gift  to  mankind  was  not 
the  result  of  accident  through  the  drifting  of  tempest-tossed  sailors  from 
far  off'  Asia  to  the  golden  strands  of  the  West;  it  wns  not  the  gift  of 
chance  through  the  wandering  of  barbaric  Norsemen  to  the  bleak  lands 
of  the  northeast  coast.  Civilization  discovered  America  by  the  light  of 
science.  Columbus,  a great  scholar,  a scientific  investigator,  a man 
whose  insight  penetrated  to  the  great  secrets  of  nature,  in  the  light  of 
the  science  of  his  time — which  was  indeed  but  dim — by  means  of  one  of 
the  grandest  scientific  inductions  in  history  accepted  the  conclusion  that 
the  earth  is  a sphere,  and  with  a sublime  faith  iu  scientific  inductions  he 
sailed  into  an  unknown  sea  inhabited  by  the  monsters  of  mythology  and 
beset  with  the  dangers  of  superstitious  credulity,  and  through  this  ignor- 
ance he  sailed  away  until  he  discovered  the  new  land;  and  the  inductions 
of  science  were  verified  by  the  appearance  of  continents  and  islands, 
from  which  great  mountains  reared  their  tops  into  the  heavens.  There, 
too,  great  lakes  were  found  whose  billows  were  destined  to  rock  the 
commerce  of  many  peoples,  and  there  great  rivers  were  revealed,  upon 
whose  turbulent  currents  the  navies  of  industry  now  ride.  To  cele: 
brate  the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus  is  to  celebrate  the  greatest 
event  of  human  history. 

But  it  is  not  my  task  to  speak  of  the  value  to  civilization  of  the  pro- 
posed exposition,  nor  of  the  importance  of  the  event  which  it  is  de- 
signed to  celebrate;  nor  even  to  show  that  such  a celebration  would  be 
signally  appropriate  to  the  people  who  are  the  chief  beneficiaries  of  that 

11 


12  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


great  scientific  discovery,  but  simply  to  set  forth  the  extent  to  which 
the  great  exposition  may  be  made  interesting  and  instructive  to  the 
people  by  making  an  exhibit  of  the  archseology  of  the  new  world. 

The  debris  of  the  forgotton  culture  of  the  world  was  long  held  to  be 
refuse,  unsightly,  and  loathsome,  but  the  time  has  arrived  when  this 
refuse  of  uncultured  man  is  esteemed  by  the  enlightened  man  as  the 
priceless  relics  of  antiquity.  The  ruins  of  an  ancient  city  that  were 
worthless  a few  decades  ago  are,  by  the  processes  of  modern  investiga- 
tion into  the  history  and  growth  of  human  culture,  transformed  into 
values  that  nations  covet,  and  civilized  men  are  everywhere  throughout 
the  world  engaged  in  exhuming  from  the  ruins  of  ancient  cities  the 
treasures  of  history.  Societies  are  organized  for  the  collection  of  the 
material,  and  colleges  and  universities  are  engaged  in  its  investigation, 
and  the  libraries  of  the  world  are  daily  enriched  with  the  volumes  of 
this  new  learning. 

The  events  of  history  that  are  recorded  by  contemporaneous  writers 
are  colored  with  prejudice  and  blurred  with  ignorance,  but  the  records 
that  are  preserved  in  the  imperishable  works  of  man  are  not  tainted 
with  baneful  inspiration  and  false  statement,  but  tell  the  truth  and  noth- 
ing but  the  truth.  In  the  past,  history  was  the  theme  for  literary 
exploitation  ; in  the  present,  history  is  the  theme  of  profound  investi- 
gation ; and  history  has  become  a science  because  it  is  founded  upon 
archaeology.  It  is  thus  that  the  ruins  of  a temple,  a tower  buried  in 
its  own  debris,  an  inscription  on  a rock,  a bronze  spear,  a stone  knife, 
or  a potsherd  has  a value.  A mound  or  a monument  is  a volume  of 
history,  and  a ruined  city  a great  library. 

The  people  who  were  found  in  America,  the  tribes  of  savages  and 
barbarians,  are  rapidly  being  absorbed  among  the  people  of  civilization. 
Their  history  was  unwritten ; their  artisans,  their  warriors,  their  states- 
men, and  their  poets  are  forgotten,  but  the  vestiges  of  their  history, 
their  archseologic  records,  are  widely  scattered.  They  are  found  buried 
in  ruined  towns  and  villages ; they  are  covered  by  innumerable  mounds 
of  earth  that  were  built  as  sites  for  their  council  houses,  as  places  for 
worship,  and  as  cemeteries  for  their  dead;  they  are  found  in  countless 
stone-walled  graves;  they  are  found  in  innumerable  refuse  heaps,  the 
debris  of  the  kitchens  of  the  savage  man ; they  are  found  in  every 
plowed  field  and  on  every  hill  side  and  scattered  over  every  mountain  ; 
and  from  these  sources  they  must  be  taken  if  we  are  to  reconstruct  the 
ancient  history  of  America.  But  every  dust-laden  breeze  buries  them 
deeper,  every  storm  of  sand  serves  to  hide  them  more  effectually ; the 
furrowing  of  every  field  is  an  agency  for  their  destruction  ; the  working 
of  every  road,  the  construction  of  every  railway,  the  erection  of  every 
building  makes  these  relics  rarer  and  more  valuable,  and  ere  they  are 
lost  I beg  they  may  be  secured.  The  whole  civilized  world  is  interested 
in  their  collection  and  preservation,  and  the  people  of  other  lands  are 
gathering  and  carrying  them  away  by  cargoes  to  enrich  the  museums 
and  the  great  universities  and  splendid  capitals  of  Europe,  while  in 
America  only  a few  quiet  students  have  become  interested  in  these  ma- 
terials of  American  history,  and  until  within  a few  years  we  have  been 
almost  wholly  neglectful  of  things  which  by  time  are  becoming  more 
and  more  valuable. 

The  wealth  and  variety  of  the  materials  of  American  history  are  but 
little  appreciated.  The  people  who  inhabited  the  American  continent 
before  its  discovery  were  not  all  of  one  race  but  of  many.  In  North 
America  alone  there  were  more  than  seventy-five  distinct  stocks,  having 
radically  distinct  languages  and  mythologies,  having  independent  and 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS.  13 

diverse  institutions,  and  having  diverse  and  multifarious  arts.  At  the 
north  we  have  the  igloo-dwellers  that  live  by  the  shores  of  the  frozen 
seas  ; farther  to  the  south  we  have  races  occupying  dwellings  made  of 
the  forest  timber ; other  races  wove  their  habitations  of  reeds  ; others 
built  their  towns  of  the  clay  of  mother  earth,  and  others  erected  their 
buildings  of  stones  quarried  from  the  cliffs,  while  still  others  hewed 
themselves  habitations  in  the  solid  rock.  Some  dwelt  on  towering  and 
almost  inaccessible  cliffs,  while  other  towns  were  erected  among  the 
crags  and  cinders  of  extinct  volcanoes.  Some  races  were  hunters ; other 
races  were  fishermen  ; still  other  races  were  agriculturists.  Some  races 
worshiped  the  sun  and  moon  and  stars  and  the  gods  of  the  cardinal 
points;  other  races  made  the  mountains  and  the  rivers  the  objects  of 
their  principal  worship,  and  all  worshiped  strange  mythologic  beasts. 

All  of  the  tribes  were  organized  into  bodies  politic  as  bodies  of  kin- 
dred, but  the  method  of  organization  was  multifarious.  Many  tongues 
were  spoken;  harsh  consonantal  and  guttural  languages  were  found  in 
the  cold  climate  of  the  extreme  north  and  south,  vocalic  and  musical 
languages  were  found  in  the  sunny  lands  of  the  middle  zones.  Every- 
where the  tribes  had  learned  to  use  picture-writing  and  to  record  events 
with  pictures  of  men,  and  beasts,  and  birds,  and  trees,  and  many  con- 
ventional signs.  They  made  tools  and  implements  of  stone,  and  bone, 
and  shell,  and  horn,  and  wood.  They  made  canoes  and  boats  of  bark 
and  logs ; they  made  rafts  and  basket-boats  of  weeds,  and  they  made 
kayaks  of  skins  ; and  in  such  crafts  they  navigated  the  rivers,  the  lakes, 
and  the  seas.  The  relics  of  all  these  mythologies,  religions,  institutions, 
languages,  and  arts  must  be  recovered  if  we  are  to  preserve  the  ancient 
history  of  America,  and  the  work  must  be  done  soon  or  they  will  be 
lost. 

It  is  possible  to  make  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discov- 
ery of  America  an  occasion  to  collect  and  preserve  the  ancient  history 
of  the  country,  to  gather  the  materials  of  its  archaeology,  and  to  put 
them  into  one  grand  international  museum  at  the  seat  of  government 
of  the  United  States.  No  other  enterprise  in  connection  with  such  an 
American  exposition  would  interest  the  people  more,  and  no  other 
would  be  more  instructive;  and  it  is  proposed  or  suggested  by  the 
Board  of  Promotion  that  a great  archaeologic  exhibit  be  made,  and  that 
each  nation  in  North,  Central,  and  South  America  be  invited  to  con- 
tribute its  quota  to  this  great  museum.  The  erection  of  an  appropriate 
building  for  this  purpose,  indestructible  by  fire,  and  of  sufficient  mag- 
nitude for  the  installment  of  so  great  a collection  would  cost  about 
$500,000.  The  archaeologic  materials  to  be  found  within  the  territory 
of  the  United  States  are  in  part,  but  only  in  small  part,  collected  and 
now  in  the  National  Museum,  and  the  time  is  all  too  short  for  the  com- 
pletion of  thjs  collection.  Yet  by  beginning  soon  it  might  be  well  done. 

Such,  in  brief,  is  the  plan  which  I am  requested  to  present  to  you  by 
the  Board  of  Promotion.  It  is  no  less  than  to  collect  and  put  on  record 
for  future  generations  the  priceless  records  that  constitute  the  history 
of  all  the  native  American  races.  If  this  can  be  done  it  will  be  a mon- 
ument to  these  native  peoples,  erected  by  the  invading  and  conquering 
and  civilizing  nations,  worthy  of  Aryan  power  and  worthy  of  Aryan 
culture. 


Ill 


REMARKS  BY  M.  V.  MONTGOMERY,  EX-COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS,  ON 

THE  PROPOSED  BUILDING  FOR  WORKING  MODELS  OF  GREAT  AMERI- 
CAN INVENTIONS. 

At  the  Centennial  and  Exposition  National  Convention,  held  at  Wil- 
lard’s Hall,  December,  1886,  Judge  Montgomery,  then  Commissioner  of 
Patents,  made  the  following  remarks,  which  the  board  of  promotion 
herewith  submit  in  support  of  the  proposed  building  for  working  models 
of  great  American  inventions: 

Mr.  President  and  gentlemen : In  1787,  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of 
the  Federal  Constitution,  a provision  was  incorporated  therein  which 
conferred  upon  Congress  the  power  to  promote  the  progress  of  science 
and  the  useful  arts  by  securing  by  legislation  for  limited  times  to  authors 
and  inventors  the  exclusive  right  to  their  respective  inventions  and 
discoveries,  and  to  also  make  all  laws  which  might  be  necessary  and 
proper  for  carrying  into  execution  such  power. 

THE  ORIGINAL  PATENT  LAW. 

In  pursuance  of  this  constitutional  permission,  and  on  the  10th  day 
of  April,  1790,  the  first  statute  upon  this  subject  was  enacted  by  Con- 
gress. This  legislation  provided  in  brief  that  upon  receiving  proper 
application  therefor  the  Secretary  of  State,  the  Secretary  of  the  “ De- 
partment of  War,”  and  the  Attorney-General,  or  any  two  of  these  min- 
isters might  cause  letters  patent  to  be  made  out  in  the  name  of  the 
United  States  to  “bear  teste”  by  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
and  granting  to  the  petitioner  (the  inventor),  his  heirs,  administrators, 
etc.,  for  any  term  not  exceeding  fourteen  years,  the  sole  and  exclusive 
right  of  making,  constructing,  using,  and  vending  his  invention  or  dis- 
covery. 

This  act  also  required  every  such  patentee  at  the  time  of  receiving 
the  grant  to  deliver  for  permanent  retention,  in  addition  to  his  specifi- 
cation in  writing,  a model  of  the  thing  invented,  if  the  nature  of  the 
invention  should  admit  of  illustration  in  that  way. 

From  the  time  of  the  enactment  of  this  statute  until  the  year  1836 
our  patent  system,  like  the  present  system  of  England,  and,  indeed,  of 
most  European  countries,  permitted  an  applicant  for  patent  to  obtain 
the  same  upon  simply  filing  the  usual  application  and  model  and  paying 
the  fee,  leaving  the  question  of  novelty  and  usefulness,  in  case  of  any 
controversy,  to  be  thereafter  settled  by  the  courts. 

This  system  of  things  obtained  until  the  year  1836,  at  which  time  a 
thorough  and  complete  revision  of  the  entire  legislation  upon  this  sub- 
ject was  had.  A committee  of  the  Senate  was  appointed  upon  motion 
of  Senator  Kuggles,  of  Maine,  and  this  committee,  after  an  exhaustive 
examination,  and  on  the  28th  day  of  April,  1836,  made  a report,  and 
presented  a bill  for  the  entire  reorganization  of  the  Patent  Office,  which 
bill  became  a law  on  the  4th  day  of  the  following  July,  and  of  which 
14 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS.  15 


law  no  greater  commendation  need  be  suggested  than  the  fact  that  it 
to  day  remains  upon  the  statute  books  in  nearly  all  its  essential  features 
absolutely  unchanged. 

In  their  report  the  committee  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  for  more 
than  forty  years  the  Department  of  State  had  been  issuing  patents  on 
every  application  without  examination  into  the  merits  or  novelty  of  the 
invention,  and  they  earnestly  urged  a radical  reformation  in  that  regard. 

Notwithstanding  the  facilities  with  which  patents  were  obtained  from 
the  time  of  the  enactment  of  the  first  statute  until  the  enactment  of 
the  last  statute  above  referred  to,  a period  of  forty-six  years,  but  11,348 
patents  had  been  granted.  This  statute  of  1836  changed  the  whole 
system  and  the  whole  theory  upon  which  patents  had  been  theretofore 
granted.  Letters  patent  could  no  longer  be  obtained  for  the  simple 
asking ; an  applicant  was  not  only  required  to  state  upon  oath  that  he 
verily  believed  himself  to  be  the  original  and  first  inventor  of  the  device 
which  he  sought  to  patent,  and  that  he  did  not  know  or  believe  that 
the  same  was  ever  before  known  or  used,  but  the  Commissioner  of 
Patents,  whose  office  was  created  by  this  statute,  was  required  to  make 
or  cause  to  be  made  an  examination  and  satisfy  himself  that  the  appli- 
cant was  the  original  and  first  inventor,  and  that  no  part  of  that  which 
was  claimed  to  be  new  had  been  before  invented  or  discovered;  and 
when  satisfied,  first,  that  the  invention  for  which  patent  was  sought 
was  novel  and  useful ; • second^that  the  same  had  never  been  patented 
or  described  in  any  printed  publication,  and'  third,  that  the  applicant 
was  the  original  and  first  inventor,  then  the  grant  should  be  made. 

MODELS  OF  INVENTIONS. 

But  the  proper  solution  of  the  question  to  which  I was  invited  to  ad- 
dress myself^does  not  demand  that  I should  follow  further  the  history 
of  the  Patent  Office,  or  of  the  legislation  in  its  behalf;  it  is  sufficient 
in  that  regard  to  say  that  from  the  time  of  the  enactment  of  the  first 
statute  upon  the  subject  until  the  year  1870  every  applicant  for  patent 
was  required  to  furnish  with  his  application  u a model  of  his  invention, 
in  all  cases  which  admitted  of  a representation  by  a model,  of  a con- 
venient size  to  exhibit  advantageously  its  several  parts.”  In  pursuance 
of  this  provision  many  thousands  of  models  have  been  furnished. 

In  the  fall  of  1877  nearly  one  hundred  thousand  models  had  accumu- 
lated, been  retained,  and  were  on  hand.  At  that  time  a disastrous  fire 
occurred  which  destroyed  great  numbers  of  them.  Seven  years  before, 
however,  as  suggested  a moment  ago,  the  statute  which  had  been  in 
existence  so  long,  and  under  the  requirements  of  which  this  vast  accu- 
mulation of  models  had  occurred,  was  amended,  so  that  thereafter  no  ap- 
plicant for  patent  was  required  to  furnish  a model  to  illustrate  his 
invention,  unless  the  same  should  be  specially  required  by  the  Com- 
missioner after  the  reception  of  the  application.  This  provision  of  law 
has  remained  ever  since  and  is  now  in  force. 

There  were  the  best  of  reasons  for  this  enactment : In  the  first  place, 
models  were  accumulating  so  rapidly  that  the  question  of  where  the 
room  should  be  found  for  their  preservation  and  exhibition  had  become 
a serious  one.  In  the  second  place,  the  method  of  preparing,  preserving, 
and  reproducing  drawings  had,  in  the  meantime,  been  greatly  improved 
upon,  so  much  so  that  in  the  vast  majority  of  cases  no  illustration  by 
model  was  necessary ; and,  in  the  third  place,  the  preparation  of  a model 
was  usually  the  most  expensive  part  of  the  application,  and  entailed 
upon  the  applicant  a large  expense.  Since  the  enactment  of  this  last- 


16  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 

mentioned  statute,  as  a matter  of  course,  the  accumulation  of  models 
has  been  comparatively  slow. 

MODELS  ON  EXHIBITION. 

The  great  u World’s  Industrial  and  Cotton  Centennial  Exposition,” 
which  opened  at  New  Orleans  on  the  1st  day  of  December,  1884,  and 
closed,  on  the  1st  day  of  the  following  June,  will  be  remembered  by  all. 
At  that  great  exposition  the  Patent  Office  was  represented.  About 
2,600  working  models  were  furnished  by  the  Patent  Office  and  exhib- 
ited there. 

In  the  summer  of  1884  my  predecessor,  the  then  Commissioner  of 
Patents  and  commissioner  for  the  Department  of  the  Interior  of  this 
exposition,  issued  a circular  calling  upon  the  leading  machine  manu- 
facturers of  the  country  to  furnish  gratuitously  a u small  working  model” 
which  would  show  the  development  of  the  particular  invention  or  art 
illustrated  by  such  machine,  and  promising  to  exhibit  the  same,  in  con- 
nection with  other  exhibits,  for  the  purpose  of  illustrating  the  u pro- 
gressive stages  of  the  different  industrial  arts.”  Of  course  the  held 
was  so  immense  that  the  commissioner  was  compelled  to  confine  him- 
self to  those  which  were  supposed  to  be  “ conspicuously  prominent,” 
and  in  which  the  general  public  felt  the  greatest  interest.  Notwith- 
standing the  lateness  of  the  invitation  the  responses  were  prompt  and 
hearty  j hundreds  of  working  models  from  hundreds  of  the  leading  man- 
ufacturers of  the  United  States  were  furnished,  all  beautifully  con- 
structed, many  costing  hundreds  of  dollars,  and  at  lfeast  one  of  them 
several  thousand  dollars.  Arrangements  were  easily  made  and  the 
power  supplied  for  the  exhibition  of  the  working  capacity  of  these 
models,  and  it  is  an  established  fact  that  this  part  of  the  exposition  at- 
tracted great  attention  and  was,  no  doubt,  productive  of  great  good. 

Judging  from  this  experience  among  other  things,  I have  no  doubt 
myself  that,  in  addition  to  the  exhibit  which  could  and  probably  would 
be  made  at  your  contemplated  exposition  by  and  on  behalf  of  the  Pat- 
ent Office,  thousands  of  working  models  which  would  exhibit  the  per- 
fection of  the  art  in  most  of  the  leading  industries  of  the  country 
would  be  gladly  and  gratuitously  furnished  for  permanent  exhibition 
by  the  parties  interested,  and  indeed  I have  no  doubt  that  they  would 
esteem  it  a privilege  to  be  allowed  so  to  do. 

GROWTH  OF  THE  PATENT  OFFICE. 

I can  not  refrain,  in  closing,  from  inviting  attention  to  a few  statisti- 
cal facts : On  the  31st  day  of  July,  in  1790,  the  first  patent  ever  granted 
in  this  country  was  issued  to  one  Samuel  Hopkins.  During  that  year 
but  three  intents  were  issued  I have  already  told,  you  that  during 
the  succeeding  forty-five  years  the  aggregate  number  was  11,348. 
During  the  calendar  year  1837,  the  first  year  after  the  adoption  of  the 
statute  of  1836,  435  patents  were  issued.  During  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  30,  1886,  the  number  of  patents  issued  was  25,619. 

The  statute  of  1836  made  provision  for  the  employment  of  six  per- 
sons, all  told,  aside  from  the  Commissioner  of  Patents,  and  these  six 
persons  were  paid  an  aggregate  annual  salary  of  $6,850.  The  revenues 
of  the  office  during  the  year  1837  were  $29,289.08.  At  the  present 
time,  and  after  the  expiration  of  little  less  than  half  a century,  there  are 
nearly  six  hundred  employes  of  the  Patent  Office,  at  an  aggregate  an- 
nual salary  of  $656,370,  while  the  revenues  of  the  office  for  the  past 


IV. 

DIAGRAM  OF  EXPOSITION  PARK. 


PROPOSED  SITE  OF  THE  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS,  AND  WORLD’S  EXPOSITION  OF  1892. 


1.  Permanent  Exposition  of  the  Three  Americas.  ! 3.  Permanent  State  and  Territorial  Exhibit. 

2.  Building  for  Working  Models  of  Great  American  Inventions.  | i.  Temporary  Exhibit  for  1892. 


H.  l\ep.  2001 


To  face  page  17. 


5.  Statue  of  Christopher  Columbus. 

6.  Three  Americas  Museum, 


7.  Zoological  Garden, 


1.  Permanent  Exposition  of  the  Three  Amjcricai  Garden, 

2,  Building  for  Working  Models  of  Great 


H.  Kep.  2601 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS.  17 


year  reached  the  enormous  sum  of  $1,200,000,  and  I may  add,  there  are 
now  to  be  found  in  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States  to  the  credit  of 
the  Patent  Office  a balance  of  about  $3,000,000. 

Not  long  ago,  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  a distinguished  Sena- 
tor declared  that — 

We  live  iu  this  atmosphere  of  invention;  it  surrounds  us  as  does  the  light  and  the 
air;  like  light  and  air  it  is  one  of  our  greatest  blessings,  and  yet  we  pass  it  by  with- 
out thought.  * * * I say  inventive  skill  is  the  primal  cause  of  all  this  progress 

aud  growth.  I say  the  policy  which  found  expression  in  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  when  this, clause  was  enacted  giving  Congress  power  to  promote  the  prog- 
ress of  science  aud  useful  arts  by  securing  for  limited  times  to  authors  and  inventors 
the  exclusive  right  to  their  respective  writings  and  discoveries  has  been  the  policy 
that  has  built  up  this  fair  fabric.  * * * Subtract  invention  from  the  causes  which 

have  led  to  our  growth  and  our  grandeur,  and  you  remit  our  people  to  the  condition 
of  the  people  of  Italy,  of  Switzerland,  of  Russia.  If  knowledge  is  power  invention 
is  prosperity. 

And  now,  sir,  while  it  is  undoubtedly  true  that  to  this  liberal  and  enlightened 
policy  is  largely  due  the  present  advanced  and  prosperous  condition  of  the  different 
industrial  arts,  it  is,  after  all,  only  typical  of  the  whole  structure,  the  product  of  a 
free  people  and  of  our  enlightened  institutions.  Indeed,  sir,  when  one  permits  him- 
self to  contemplate  and  speculate  upon  the  situation,  upon  the  stupendous  possibili- 
ties, upon  the  reasonable  probabilities  in  the  not  distant  future  of  this  our  beloved 
country,  he  becomes  almost  lost  in  bewilderment  at  its  vastness,  and  he  can  not  doubt 
tl^at  the  grandeur  and  glory  of  its  future  is  absolutely  assured. 

Who  of  us  does  not  feel  that  the  declaration  of  Mr.  Phillips  was  pro- 
phetic when,  with  his  splendid  eloquence,  he  declared  that  u the  young 
America  will  yet  soar  to  be  what  Athens  was  ; ” that  u when  the  Eu- 
ropean column  shall  have  moldered  and  the  night  of  barbarism  ob- 
scured its  very  ruins  this  mighty  continent  will  emerge  from  the  horizon 
to  rule  for  its  time  sovereign  of  the  ascendant.”  Is  it  not  true  that 
u we  stand  to-day  in  the  gateway  of  a most  marvelous  future  I ” 

In  the  fulfillment  of  this  glorious  destiny,  in  the  accomplishment  of 
this  mighty  work,  u shall  we  forget,  shall  we  neglect  the  system  which 
has  enabled  us  to  outstrip  our  competitors,  or  shall  we  rather  perfect 
and  develop  it,  that  through  its  perfection  and  development  we  may 
attain  still  grander  results?  ” 

In  conclusion,  Mr.  President,  I have  no  hesitation  in  declaring  that 
in  my  opinion,  in  the  accomplishment  of  the  great  work  in  which  you 
and  your  colleagues  are  now  engaged,  no  one  thing  will  more  tend  to  its 
complete  and  perfect  success  than  a thorough,  well-prepared,  and  intel- 
ligent u exhibit  of  working  models  of  American  inventions.” 

H.  Rep.  2601 2 


V. 

HOUSE  BILL  No.  8868. 


A BILL  to  provide  for  a world’s  exposition  at  the  national  capital  in  1892,  and  thereafter  a permanent 
exposition  of  the  three  Americas,  in  honor  of  the  400th  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America. 


Whereas  tlie  year  1892  will  be  the  400th  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America 
by  Christopher  Columbus ; 

Whereas  a becoming  pride  in  American  institutions,  civilization,  and  progress  re- 
quire that  this  great  historical  event  be  duly  celebrated  in  a manner  becoming  the 
dignity,  wrealth,  and  grandeur  of  the  western  hemisphere:  Therefore, 

Beit  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  Congress  assembled,  That  a world’s  exposition  be  held  at  the  national  capital  in 
1892,  and  thereafter  a permanent  exposition  of  the  three  Americas,  under  the  joint 
auspices  of  the  United  States,  the  forty-six  States  and  Territories,  and  the  sixteen 
independent  sister  nations  of  the  American  continent. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  management  of  said  exposition  consist  of  a governmental  board 
of  twenty-one  directors ; seven  to  be  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
seven  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  Senate,  and  seven  by  the  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives. 

Sec.  3.  That  an  advisory  board  of  sixty-two  members  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby, 
authorized,  one  to  be  appointed  by  the  governor  of  each  of  the  forty-six  States  and 
Territories,  and  one  by  the  executive  of  each  of  the  sixteen  independent  American 
nations.  * 

Sec.  4.  That  space  for  said  world’s  exposition  and  permanent  exposition  of  the 
three  Americas  be  assigned  in  some  unoccupied  governmental  reservation  in  the  city 
of  Washington  as  follows: 

I.  Space  for  a permanent  State  and  Territorial  building  for  a permanent  exhibit  of 
the  representative  history,  resources,  arts,  and  industries  of  the  forty-six  States  and 
Territories  of  the  United  States,  said  space  to  be  available  whenever  said  States  and 
Territories,  or  a majority  thereof^  shall  make  the  necessary  appropriations  for  the 
expenses  of  said  building  and  exhibit. 

II.  Space  for  a permanent  three  Americas  building  for  a permanent  exhibit  of  the 
history,  antiquities,  resources,  arts,  and  industries  of  the  fifteen  Spanish- American 
republics,  the  Empire  of  Brazil,  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  and  the  various  colonies  of 
North,  Central,  and  South  America,  said  space  to  be  available  whenever  said  nations 
and  colonies,  or  a majority  thereof,  shall  make  the  necessary  appropriations  for  the 
expenses  of  said  building  and  exhibit. 

III.  Space  for  a temporary  building  or  buildings,  for  a temporary  exhibit,  between 
the  1st  of  May  and  the  31st  of  October,  1892,  by  all  nations  other  than  those  of  the 
American  continent,  and  by  the  private  exhibitors  of  all  nations  of  the  world,  said 
space  to  be  available  whenever  the  necessary  funds  are  provided  for  said  buildings 
and  the  expenses  of  conducting  said  exhibit. 

IV.  A suitable  site  for  a statue  of  Christopher  Columbus,  said  site  to  be  available 
whenever  the  necessary  funds  are  provided  for  the  expenses  of  said  statue. 

Sec.  5.  That  space  be  assigned  in  some  govermental  reservation  in  the  city  of 
Washington  for  the  following  permanent  governmental  buildings,  viz  : 

I.  Space  for  the  enlargement  of  the  present  National  Museum  into  a Continental  or 
Three  Americas  Museum,  said  space  to  be  available  whenever  the  necessary  funds  are 
provided  for  said  purpose. 

II.  Space  for  a permanent  building,  under  the  control  of  the  Interior  Department, 
for  the  exhibit  of  working  models  of  important  American  inventions,  said  space  to  be 
available  whenever  the  necessary  funds  are  provided  for  said  purpose. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  is  authorized  to  invite  the  several 
States  and  Territories  of  the  United  States,  and  the  several  sister  nations  of  the  three 
Americas,  to  appoint  their  respective  members  of  the  advisory  board,  and  to  partici- 
pate in  said  exposition  in  the  manner  heretofore  provided. 

Sec.  7.  That  whenever  the  necessary  funds  are  provided  for  the  said  temporary  ex- 
hibit during  1892,  the  President  of  the  United  States  is  authorized  to  invite  all  for- 
eign nations,  other  than  those  of  the  American  continent,  to  participate  in  said  expo- 
sition. 

18 


VI 


RESOLUTIONS  OF  NATIONAL  AND  INTERNATIONAL  CONVENTIONS. 

[National  Grange,  Philadelphia,  November,  1886.] 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  have  at  the  national  capital  in  1889  an  inter-American 
and  inter-Republic  celebration  of  the  centennial  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States;  a World’s  Exposition  in  1892,  in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus  and  thereafter  a permanent  exposition  or 
museum  of  the  antiquities,  history,  arts  and  industries  of  the  three  Americas; 

Whereas  it  is  also  proposed  to  establish  at  the  national  capital  a permanent  ex- 
hibit of  the  resources,  arts,  and  industries  of  the  forty-six  States  and  Territories,  and 
to  erect  a building  for  the  display  of  working  models  of  important  American  inven- 
tions : 

Resolved  by  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  in  National  Grange  assembled,  That  we  heartily 
favor  the  consummation  of  this  important  and  patriotic  work,  and  urge  all  American 
citizens  and  legislative  bodies'to  support  it  in  a manner  becoming  the  dignity,  great- 
ness, and  grandeur  of  the  Republic. 

Resolved,  That  we  specially  favor  the  proposed  permanent  State  and  Territorial 
exhibit  as  a matter  of  great  practical  importance  to  the  patrons  of  husbandry  of  the 
several  States  and  Territories.  * 

Resolved,  That  the  secretary  of  the  National  Grange  be  directed  to  transmit  a duly- 
certitied  copy  of  these  resolutions  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  the  United 
States  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  and  to  the  governors  and  legislatures 
of  the  several  States  and  Territories. 

[National  Board  of  Trade,  Washington,  January,  1887.] 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  hold  at  the  national  capital,  in  1892  a World’s  Exposition 
in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus, 
which  exposition  of  the  antiquities,  history,  arts,  and  industries  of  the  three  Americas 
is  intended  to  be  permanent: 

Resolved , That  we  favor  this  movement  toward  more  intimate  commercial  and  so- 
cial relations  between  the  United  States  and  the  several . sister  nations  of  the  three 
Americas. 

Resolved,  That  this  movement  commends  itself  to  the  support  of  the  merchants  and 
manufacturers  of  the  United  States  as  a matter  of  great  practical  importance,  in  pro- 
moting friendly  intercourse  and  in  stimulating  arts  and  industries. 

Resolved , That,  in  view  of  the  shortness  of  the  time  for  preparation,  steps  should  be 
immediately  taken  by  the  General  Government  to  provide  the  necessary  buildings 
and  carry  forward  the  enterprise. 

Resolved,  That  the  secretary  of  the  board  be  directed  to  transmit  a copy  of  this  paper 
to  the  President  of  the  United  States  and  the  United  States  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, the  governors  of  each  State  and  Territory,  and  to  ali  boards  of  trade  and 
other  commercial  organizations  throughout  the  United  States. 

[International  Medical  Congress,  Washington,  September,  1887.] 

Whereas  it  proposed  to  hold  at  the  city  of  Washington  in  1892  an  international 
celebration  in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America 
by  Christopher  Columbus,  and  an  exposition  of  the  history,  arts,  and  industries  of  all 
nations: 

Resolved,  That  the  International  Medical  Congress  favors  this  patriotic  movement, 
and  commends  it  to  the  nations  of  the  world. 

[American  Bankers’  Association,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  October,  1887.] 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  hold  at  the  national  capital  in  1889  a joint  celebration 
by  the  sixteen  American  Republics  in  honor  of  the  centennial  anniversary  of  the  in- 
auguration of  constitutional  government  upon  the  western  hemisphere ; 


19 


20  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


Whereas  it  is  also  proposed  to  hold  at  the  national  capital  in  1892  a World’s  Ex- 
position in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by 
Christopher  Columbus,  which  exposition  of  the  history,  arts,  and  industries  of  the 
three  Americas  is  intended  to  be  permanent : 

Besolved,  That  the  American  Bankers’  Convention  heartily  favors  this  movement 
toward  more  intimate  relations  between  the  several  sister  nations  of  the  three  Amer- 
icas, and  commends  it  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  as  a matter  of  great  practi- 
cal importance. 

Besolved , That  the  secretary  be  instructed  to  send  copies  of  these  resolutions  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  to  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  to  the  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Representatives. 

[Carriage  Builders’  National  Association,  Washington,  October,  1887.1 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  hold  at  the  national  capital,  1889,  an  American  inter-Re- 
public  celebration  in  honor  of  the  centennial  of  the  Constitution,  and  in  1892  an  inter- 
American  World’s  Exposition  in  honor  of  the  quadracentennial  of  the  discovery  of 
American  by  Christopher  Columbus ; 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  establish  at  the  national  capital  in  1892  a permanent  ex- 
position of  the  arts  and  industries  of  the  three  Americas : 

Besolved  by  the  Carriage  Builders'  National  Association,  That  we  favor  this  movement 
as  timely  in  conception,  most  patriotic  in  sentiment,  and  of  great  practical  impor- 
tance o the  manufacturers  of  the  United  States,  in  opening  up  new  American  markets 
for  our  surplus  products,  and  stimulating  more  intimate  relations  between  the  seve- 
ral sister  nations  of  the  western  hemisphere. 

Besolved,  That  copies  of  these  resolutions  be  sent  to.  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

[American  Association  of  Agricultural  Colleges,  Washington,  October,  1887.] 

Whereas  fifteen  American  Republics  have  taken  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  as  the  model  of  their  organic  laws; 

Whereas  three  Americas,  with  their  marvellous  civilization  and  progress,  are  the  re- 
sult of  the  discovery  by  Columbus. 

Besolved,  That  pride  as  well  as  self-interest  in  republican  and  American  institu- 
tions require. that  the  United  States,  the  parent  American  Republic,  take  the  initia- 
tive in  celebrating  at  the  national  capital  in  1889  and  1892,  respectively,  the  centen- 
nial of  the  inauguration  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  under  the  Constitu- 
tion and  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus. 

Besolved,  That  all  American  patriots  should  join  in  making  these  celebrations 
worthy  of  the  dignity,  grandeur,  and  wealth  of  the  western  hemisphere. . 

Besolved,  That  copies  of  these  resolutions  be  sent  to  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

[National  Grange,  Lansing,  Mich.,  November,  1887.  ] 

Whereas  the  National  Grange  and  Patrons  of  Husbandry  did,  at  its  twentieth 
annual  session,  in  Philadelphia,  adopt  certain  resolutions  indorsing  the  proposition  to 
hold  at  the  national  capital,  in  1889,  an  American  inter-Republic  celebration  in 
honor  of  the  centennial  of  the  Constitution,  and  a Three  Americas  and  World’s  Expo- 
sition at  the  National  Capital  in  1892,  in  honor  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Colum- 
bus, and  thereafter  a permanent  exposition  of  the  antiquities,  history,  arts,  and  in- 
dustries of  the  three  Americas ; and 

Whereas  the  successful  accomplishment  of  this  enterprise  will  not  only  tend  to 
strengthen  the  fraternal  relations  of  the  sister  American  nations,  but  will  also  bring 
about  reciprocal  international  development  and  commerce: 

Besolved,  That  we  hereby  reaffirm  our  action  at  Philadelphia,  and  recommend  to  each 
State  master  that,  in  his  next  annual  address  to  his  grange,  he  direct  the  attention  of 
the  Patrons  of  Husbandry  to  the  importauce  of  this  matter  to  the  agricultural  inter- 
ests of  the  entire  Union. 

[United  States  Potters’  Association,  Washington,  January  18,  1888.] 

Whereas  more  intimate  commercial  relations  with  the  several  sister  nations  of  the 
three  Americas  is  a matter  of  transcendent  importance  to  the  manufacturers  of  the 
United  States ; 

Whereas  the  proposed  constitutional  centennial  celebration  by  the  sixteen  Ameri- 
can republics  at  our  national  capital  in  1889,  and  the  Permanent  Exposition  of  the 
Three  Americas  at  Washington,  in  1892,  in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  discovery  of  America,  will  necessarily  stimulate  our  national  industries  by  open- 
ing up  new  foreign  markets  for  surplus  products : Therefore 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OP  THE  THREE  AMERICAS.  2l 


Besolved  by  the  United  States  Potters’  Association,  That  we  heartily  favor  this  cen- 
tennial and  exposition  movement  as  most  timely  in  conception  and  patriotic  in  senti- 
ment. 

Besolved,  That  the  secretary  be  instructed  to  transmit  a certified  copy  of  these  res- 
olutions to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  the 
. Speaker  of  the  House  of  pepresentatives. 

[American  Skipping  and  Industrial  League,  Washington,  January  18, 1888.] 

Whereas  the  approaching  centennaryof  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and 
the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Christopher  Columbus 
are  events  of  national  and  world-wide  interest  and  importance  ; 

Whereas  bills  have  been  introduced  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  providing 
for  a celebration  of  these  great  anniversaries  under  the  joint  auspices  of  the  United 
States,  the  forty-six  States  and  Territories,  and  the  several  sister  nations  of  the  three 
Americas:  Therefore  be  it 

Besolved  by  the  American  Shipping  and  Industrial  League  in  national  convention  as- 
sembled, That  we  most  heartily  indorse  this  movement  a,s  patriotic  in  seutiment 
and  of  transcendent  commercial  importance  in  stimulating  more  intimate  relations 
between  American  nations  which  have  too  long  been  comparative  strangers  to  each 
other. 

Besolved,  That  the  secretary  be  directed  to  transmit  a duly  certified  copy  of  these 
resolutions  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  the 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

[Washington  National  Monument  Society,  February  22,  18$8.| 

Whereas  George  Washington  was  the  leading  spirit  in  securing  a permanent  union 
of  the  States,  the  president  of  the  convention  that  framed  the  Constitution,  the  first 
President  of  the  United  States  under  the  Constitution,  and  foremost  in  the  movement 
that  located  the  national  capital  in  the  District  of  Columbia  ; and 

Whereas  his  birthplace  and  tomb  are  on  the  banks  of  the  Potomac,  and  the  grand 
monument  patriotically  erected  to  his  memory  stands  conspicuous  in  the  city  which 
bears  his  name  ; and 

Whereas  fifteen  American  republics  have  since  taken  the  constitution  which  he  so 
earnestly  advocated  as  the  model  of  their  organic  laws ; and 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  hold  a congress  of  said  sister  republics,  encamped,  as  it 
were,  around  his  monument,  in  1889,  in  honor  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the 
inauguration  of  constitutional  government  upon  the  western  hemisphere  ; and 

Whereas  it  is  also  proposed  to  hold  a Three  Americas  and  World’s  Exposition  at  the 
national  capital  in  1892,  in  commemoration  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the 
discovery  of  the  New  World  by  Christopher  Columbus:  Therefore 

Besolved  by  the  Washington  National  Monument  Society,  That  we  heartily  favor 
these  proposed  celebrations  as  patriotic  in  sentiment,  and  urge  all  American  citizens 
to  join  in  making  them  worthy  of  the  dignity,  grandeur,  and  wealth  of  Washington’s 
Republic. 

[American  Medical  Association,  Cincinnati,  May  11,  1888.1 

Besolved,  That  the  American  Medical  Association  approves  of  the  movement  look- 
ing to  the  celebration  in  Washington,  in‘1892,  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus,  and  the  establishment  there  of  a museum 
of  the  arts,  industries,  and  antiquities  of  the  three  Americas ; and  the  association 
hereby  requests  Congress  to  pass  the  necessary  legislation  appropriate  to  that  end. 

[Mount  Yernon  Ladies’  Association,  Mount  Yernon,  May  16,  1888.1 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  hold  a centennial  celebration  at  the  city  of  Washington 
in  1889,  and  in  1892  an  international  celebration  in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth  an- 
niversary of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Christopher  Columbus,  and  an  exposition  of 
the  history,  arts,  and  industries  of  all  nations; 

Besolved,  That  the  Mount  Yernon  Ladies’  Association  desires  to  express  its  sympa- 
thy with  the  objects  of  these  celebrations  and  its  cordial  wishes  for  the  success  of 
this  national  movement. 


VII 


RESOLUTIONS  OF  BOARDS  OF  TRADE,  CITY  COUNCILS,  ETC. 

[Mayor  and  general  council,  Mobile,  Ala.,  January  5,  1888.] 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  celebrate,  at  onr  national  capital,  in  1889,  the  one  hun- 
dredth anniversary  of  constitutional  government  in  the  western  hemisphere,  which 
celebration  is  intended  to  be  a joint  tribute  by  the  sixteen  American  republics  to  the 
Constitution  of  the  parent  Republic,  the  United  States  of  America  ; and 

Whereas  it  is  also  proposed  to  hold  a world’s  exposition  in  1892,  in  honor  of  the 
four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Christopher  Columbus, 
and  thereafter  a permanent  exposition  or  museum  of  the  antiquities,  history,  arts, 
and  industries  of  the  three  Americas  : Therefore  be  it 

Resolved , That  the  mayor  and  general  council  of  the  city  of  Mobile,  Ala.,  heartily 
favor  this  movement  as  timely  in  conception,  most  patriotic  in  seutiment,  and  of  great 
practical  importance  to  the  manufacturing  and  agricultural  industries  of  the  United 
States  iu  opening  up  new  American  markets  for  our  surplus  products  and  stimulating 
more  intimate  commercial  relations  between  the  several  sister  nations  of  the  western 
hemisphere. 

Resolved,  That  the  city  clerk  be  instructed  to  send  a copy  of  these  resolutions  to 
the  President  of  the  United  States,  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  the  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Representatives. 

[Board  of  Trade,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  January  4,  1888.] 

Whereas  this  board  of  trade,  through  its  directors,  has  had  under  consideration  cer- 
tain documents  forwarded  from  the  headquarters  of  the  Board  of  Promotion,  located 
in  the  city  of  Washington,  D.  C. ; and 

Whereas  a careful  examination  of  the  purposes,  plans,  and  objects  of  the  Board  of 
Promotion,  as  set  forth  in  the  communication  laid  before  the  directors  of  this  board, 
shows  that  they  are  such  as  commend  them  to  every  patriotic  and  public-spirited 
citizen  of  this  Republic;  and 

Whereas  the  indorsement  given  to  theplans  and  objects  of  the  Board  of  Promotion 
by  such  leading  organizations  as  the  National  Grange,  American  Bar  Association,  In- 
ternational Medical  Congress,  American  Bankers’  Association,  National  Board  of 
Trade,  and  others  is  evidence  that  the  Board  of  Promotion  has  set  on  foot  an  under- 
taking that  appeals  to  the  pride  and  patriotism  of  our  people,  irrespective  of  party  or 
creed,  and  is  receiving  warm  encouragement  from  all  over  the  United  States,  and  has 
and  will  have  the  cordial  support  of  our  whole  people:  Therefore  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  Los  Angeles  board  of  trade,  through  its  board  of  directors,  ex- 
presses its  hearty  approval  of  this'great  undertaking,  and  recommends  that  Congress 
take  such  steps,  during  the  present  session,  as  will  give  the  enterprise  a national 
character,  and  render  it  such  financial  aid  as  is  deemed  expedient  and  proper. 

Resolved,  That  a copy  of  these  resolutions,  under  seal,  and  signed  by  the  president 
and  secretary  of  this  board,  be  transmitted  to  the  President  of  the  Uuited  States,  the 
President  of  the  Senate,  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  the  secre- 
tary of  the  Board  of 'Promotion. 

[City  Council,  'Wilmington,  Del.,  December  29,  1887.] 

Whereas  the  proposition  to  celebrate  upon  a gigantic  scale  the  four  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Christopher  Columbus,  to  be  followed 
thereafter  by  the  establishment  of  a permanent  exposition  of  the  arts,  history,  and 
industries  of  the  American  republics  at  the  national  capital,  is  one  that  should  com- 
mand the  approval  and  support  of  all  the  American  republics  jointly : Therefore 

Resolved,  That  the  city  of  Wilmington,  through  its  representative  body,  the  coun- 
cil, most  heartily  responds  to  the  universal  desire  therefor,  and  hereby  emphasizes 
its  approval  of  the  movement,  believing  it  to  be  frought  with  patriotic  impulses  and 
calculated  to  unite  the  industrial,  mercantile,  aud  agricultural  interests  of  the  sev- 
22 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS.  23 


eral  republics  into  a common  bond  of  friendly  intercourse,  thereby  securing  to  them- 
selves a strong  and  powerful  unity  of  practical  success  in  all  their  varied  social  and 
commercial  relations. 

Resolved,  That  the  clerk  of  the  council  is  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  trans- 
mit a duly  certified  copy  of  these  proceedings  to  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and 
also  to  the  Senators  and  Representatives  from  Delaware  in  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States. 

[Lumberman’s  Exchange,  Chicago,  January  9,  1888.] 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  celebrate  at  our  national  capital,  in  1889,  a constitutional 
centennial,  and  in  1892  to  hold  a world’s  exposition  in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America,  the  outgrowth  of  which  shall  be  a perma- 
nent exposition  of  the  three  Americas,  to  be  under  governmental  control : Therefore, 

Resolved , That  the  Lumberman’s  Exchange  of  Chicago  is  in  full  accord  with  the 
aims  and  purposes  of  the  proposed  celebration,  believing  the  benefits  resulting  there- 
from to  the  citizens  of  the  United  States  in  laying  the  foundation  for  more  intimate 
commercial  and  social  relations  with  other  nations,  in  promoting  the  more  rapid 
development  of  the  resources  of  our  country,  in  stimulating  effort  in  the  directing  of 
a higher  attainment  in  the  arts  and  sciences  in  fostering  a pride  in  American  citizen- 
ship, are  among  the  reasons  why  the  General  Government  should  aid  and  encourage 
the  proposed  celebrations. 

Resolved,  That  copies  of  the  foregoing  preamble  and  resolution  be  sent  to  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

[Mayor  and  city  oouncil,  Burlington,  Iowa,  January  11,  1888.] 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  hold  at  the  national  capital,  in  1889,  an  inter-American 
and  inter-Republic  celebration  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  constitutional 
government  in  the  United  States,  and  in  1892  a world’s  exposition  in  honor  of  the 
four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Christopher  Columbus ; 
which  exposition  of  the  antiquities,  history,  arts,  and  industries  of  the  three  Amer- 
icas is  intended  to  be  permanent ; 

Resolved,  That  we,  the  mayor  and  members  of  the  city  council  of  the  city  of  Bur- 
lington, Iowa,  in  council  assembled,  favor  this  movement  toward  more  intimate  com- 
mercial and  social  relations  between  the  several  sister  nations  of  the  western  hemi- 
sphere. 

Resolved , That  this  movement  commends  itself  to  the  support  of  the  merchants, 
manufacturers,  and  people  of  the  United  States,  as  a matter  of  great  importance  in 
promoting  friendly  intercourse  and  in  stimulating  arts  and  industries. 

Resolved,  That  in  view  of  the  shortness  of  time  for  preparation  steps  should  be  im- 
mediately taken  by  the  General  Government  to  provide  the  necessary  buildings  and 
carry  forward  the  enterprise. 

Resolved,  That  the  city  clerk  be  directed  fo  transmit  a copy  of  this  paper  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  the  President  of  the  Senate,  an ct  the  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  and  that  Hon.  John  H.  Gear,  member  of  Congress,  be  ap- 
pointed to  represent  the  city  of  Burlington,  Iowa,  in  promoting  this  movement. 

[Board  of  Trade,  Burlington,  Iowa.  ] 

Whereas  the  year  1889  will  witness  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  adoption 
of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  the  year  1892  will  bring  the  quadri- 
centennial  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  ; and 

Whereas  these  two  events  have  brought  momentous  consequences  to  this  western 
hemisphere  by  opening  it  to  conquest  and  settlement  by  the  civilized  nations  of  the 
earth,  which  at  length  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  a form  of  government  based 
on  a more  comprehensive  and  just  “ bill  of  rights  ” than  had  ever  been  adopted  by  any 
people,  and  which  has  since  been  adopted,  substantially,  by  fifteen  other  American 
republics;  and 

Whereas  our  pride  as  citizens  of  the  great  Republic  would  naturally  prompt  us  to 
celebrate  so  important  an  event  as  the  centenary  of  our  organic  existence,  by  bring- 
ing together  representatives  of  all  these  American  republics,  so  also  should  our  pride 
as  the  most  powerful  and  prosperous  nation  which  has  sprung  into  existence  in  this 
New  World  stimulate  us  to  worthily  commemorate,  by  a world’s  exposition,  the  ap- 
proaching quadri-centenary  of  the  discovery  of  America : Therefore, 

Resolved,  That  the  Burlington  Board  of  Trade  regard  with  great  favor  the  objects 
for  which  the  National  Board  of  Promotion  has  been  established.  Their  scheme  as  a 
whole  is  worthy  of  the  genius  of  our  Republic,  and  should  receive  such  liberal  sup- 
port from  Congress  as  will  make  it  an  unqualified  success.  If  the  enterprise  shall  re- 


24  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


suit  in  the  establishment  of  a permanent  exposition  at  Washington  of  the  products, 
of  the  arts,  and  industries  of  the  three  Americas,  more  cordial  relations  will  be  es- 
tablished, and  doubtless  the  trade  of  the  United  States  would  be  greatly  benefited. 

[City  council,  Des  Moines.  Iowa,  January  17,  1888.] 

Whereas  it  has  been  determined  consistent  with  the  public  interests  to  celebrate 
at  the  nation’s  capital,  in  1889,  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  adoption  of 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  a world’s  exposition  in  1892,  in  honor  of  the 
four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus,  and  a per- 
manent exposition  of  the  industries  of  the  three  Americas  ; and 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  that  said  celebration  be  under  the  control  of  the  General 
Government,  viz,  a commission  of  nine  persons,  an  equal  number  of  which  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  President,  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives;  and 

Whereas  the  mayor  of  this  city  is  a member  of  the  Board  of  Promotion  ; 

It  is  therefore  resolved  by  the  city  council  of  the  city  of  Des  Moines  that  said  move- 
ment appears  to  be  worthy  of  commendation. 

We  therefore  indorse  and  approve  the  same,  and  order  that  the  city  clerk  be  re- 
quested to  send  copies  of  this  resolution  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  the 
President  of  the  Senate,  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

[Mayor  and  city  council,  Topeka,  Kans.,  January  20,  1888.] 

Whereas  it  as  proposed  to  commemorate  the  establishment  of  constitutional  repub- 
lican government  in  America,  on  its  one  hundredth  anniversary  in  1889,  by  a celebra- 
tion at  the  capital  of  the  United  States,  in  which  the  republics  of  the  world  are  to  be 
invited  to  participate,  and  all  other  nations  are  to  be  invited  as  guests,  and  it  is  also 
proposed  to  celebrate  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by 
Columbus  by  a national  and  international  exposition  to  be  held  at  Washington  in 
1892,  and  also  to  establish  a permanent  exposition  of  the  three  Americas  as  an  out- 
growth of  this  latter : Therefore  be  it 

Resolved , By  the  mayor  and  councilmen  of  the  city  of  Topeka  that  this  movement 
receives  our  most  hearty  approval  and  commendation  as  being  pre-eminently  worthy 
of  the  patriotism  of  our  people  and  the  dignity  of  our  Republic,  and  well  calculated 
to  strenghten  republican  institutions,  foster  patriotism  and  public  spirit,  stimulate 
commerce,  encourage  domestic  industry,  and  promote  international  good  feeling. 

Resolved , That  the  city  clerk  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  instructed  to  transmit  three  copies 
of  these  resolutions  to  the  secretary  of  the  National  Board  of  Promotion,  one  addressed 
to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  one  to  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  one  to 
the  Speaker  of  the  House. 

[Maritime  Association,  New  Orleans,  December  27, 1887.] 

• 

Whereas  it  As  proposed  to  celebrate  at  the  city  of  Washington,  in  1889,  the  centen- 
nial anniversary  of  constitutional  government  in  the  western  hemisphere  as  a joint 
tribute  by  the  several  American  republics  to  the  Constitution  of  the  parent  Republic, 
the  United  States;  and 

Whereas  it  is  also  proposed  to  hold  at  our  national  capital  in  1892  an  interna- 
tional celebration  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus,  and  an  exposition  of  the 
antiquities,  arts,  history,  and  industries  of  the  three  Americas,  which  is  intended  to 
be  made  permanent : Be  it  therefore 

Resolved , That  the  New  Orleans  Maritime  Association  heartily  favors  this  movement 
towards  more  intimate  commercial  and  social  relations  between  the  several  sister  na- 
tions of  the  three  Americas,  and  commends  it  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  as  a 
matter  of  great  practical  importance  in  promoting  friendly  intercom se ; and  further 

Resolved,  That  the  secretary  be  directed  to  transmit  a copy  of  these  resolutions  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  to  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  to  the  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Representatives. 

[Merchants’  Exchange  and  Board  of  Trade,  Portland,  Me.,  January  5,  1888.] 

Whereas  it  it  proposed  to  hold  at  the  national  capital  in  1889  a joint  celebration 
by  the  sixteen  American  republics  in  honor  of  the  centennial  anniversary  of  the  in- 
auguration of  constitutional  government  upon  the  western  hemisphere  ; also,  to  hold 
at  the  national  capital  in  1892  a world’s  exposition  in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus,  which  exposition  of  the  his- 
tory, arts,  and  industries  of  the  three  Americas  is  intended  to  be  permanent: 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Trade  of  Portland,  Me.,  heartily  favors  this  movement 
toward  more  intimate  relations  between  the  several  sister  nations  of  the  three  Amer- 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS.  25 


xcas,  and  commends  it  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  as  a matter  of  great  prac- 
tical importance. 

Resolved,  That  the  secretary  he  instructed  to  send  copies  of  these  resolutions  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  to  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  to  the  Speaker  of 
the  United  States  House  of  Representatives. 

[General  assembly  ot  Maryland,  spring  of  1886.] 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  establish  p,  permanent  exposition  of  the  three  Americas 
at  Washington,  the  capital  of  the  United  States  ; and 

Whereas,  it  is  proposed  that  this  project  be  inaugurated  by  a constitutional  cen- 
tennial celebration  in  1889,  by  the  sixteen  American  republics,  in  honor  of  the  one 
hundredth  anniversity  of  the  Constitution  of  the  parent  Republic,  the  United  States  ; 
and 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  consummate  it  by  a grand  world’s  exposition  in  1892  in 
honor  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus: 
Therefore  be  it 

Resolved,  By  the  general  assembly  of  Maryland,  that  we  heartily  approve  of  the 
project  as  a matter  of  transcendent  importance  to  the  United  States  and  the  whole 
western  hemisphere,  and  that  we  urge  Congress  to  support  it  in  a manner  worthy  of 
these  great  historical  events,  and  of  the  greatness,  grandeur,  and  dignity  of  the 
nation. 

[Corn  and  Flour  Exchange,  Baltimore,  Md.,  January  9,  1888.] 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  celebrate  at  the  capital  of  the  nation,  in  1889,  the  one 
hundredth  anniversary  of  the  organization  of  constitutional  government  on  this  con- 
tinent, and  also  a world’s  exposition  fn  1892,  in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth  anni- 
versary of  the  discovery  of  America,  for  the  display  of  the  antiquities,  history,  arts, 
and  industries  of  the  three  Americas ; Be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  Corn  and  Flour  Exchange  of  Baltimore  heartily  approve  the 
carrying  out  and  consummation  of  the  above  patriotic  object,  and  believe  the  said 
anniversary  and  exposition  will  redound  t*>  the  general  welfare  and  renown  of  our 
common  country. 

Resolved,  That  a copy  of  the  above  preamble  and  resolution  be  forwarded  to  the  Pres- 
ident of  the  United  States,  and  also  to  our  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress, 
and  urge  upon  them  to  give  all  the  aid  possible  in  their  power  to  the  accomplishment 
of  the  objects  contemplated. 

[Merchants  and  Manufactures’  Association,  Baltimore,  December,  1887.] 

Whereas  this  association,  having  been  duly  notified  from  the  office  of  the  national 
board  of  promotion,  that  the  time  is  arrived  when  active  co-operation  is  demanded  for 
the  consummation  of  the  celebration  to  be  held  at  the  national  capital,  the  culmina- 
tion of  which  is  to  be  the  permanent  exposition  of  the  Three  Americas,  the  plan  and 
scope  of  which  is  set  forth  in  the  Congressional  Record,  under  date  of  December  17, 
1887,  a copy  of  which  is  before  this  body  : Therefore, 

Resolved,  That  this  association,  fully  appreciating  the  importance  of  said  national 
undertakings,  and  the  necessity  of  early  recognition  by  the  powers  that  be,  in  order 
that,  by  prompt  and  assiduous  labor,  the  plans  may  be  wrought  out,  and  the  enter- 
prise assume  such  immediate  shape  as  will  ensure  the  ultimate  and  entire  success  of 
the  different  expositions  proposed  to  illustrate  important  epochs  in  our  history  as  a 
nation,  hereby  tenders  its  hearty  and  unqualified  indorsement,  and  will,  to  the  ex- 
tent of  its  ability,  undertake  to  further  the  same,  through  successive  steps,  to  com- 
pletion. 

[Merchants’  Exchange,  Saint  Louis,  January  23,  1888.] 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  have  at  the  national  capital,  in  1889,  an  inter-American 
and  interrepublic  celebration  of  the  centennial  of  the  United  States,  a world’s  ex- 
position in  1892,  in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth  centennial  of  the  discovery  of  America 
by  Christopher  Columbus,  and  a permanent  museum  of  the  antiquities,  history,  arts, 
and  industries  of  the  Three  Americas,  and  also  to  maintain  a permanent  exhibit  of  the 
resources  of  the  States  and  Territories  of  this  Union,  and  a display  of  the  working 
models  of  important  American  inventions.  • 

Resolved  by  the  Merchants’  Exchange  of  the  city  of  Saint  Louis,  through  its  board  of  di- 
rectors, That  they  heartily  approve  of  these  important  and  patriotic  works,  and  urge 
the  consummation  of  this  exhibit  of  the  greatness  and  grandeur  of  our  country,  and 
indorse  these  means  of  inviting  and  encouraging  a more  complete  reciprocity  of  trade 
and  interchange  of  ideas  with  our  neighbois,  leading  to  more  enlightened  commer- 
cial regulations,  which  will  furnish  new  markets  for  our  surplus  products  and  manu- 


26  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


factured  articles,  and  upon  the  most  favored  terms  with  our  sister  American  Repub- 
lics. 

Resolved,  That  a copy  of  these  resolutions  be  transmitted  to  the  President  and  to 
our  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress,  and  to  the  governor  of  the  State  of 
Missouri. 

[Commercial  Exchange,  Kansas  City,  January  3, 1888.] 

Whereas  an  association  has  been  formed  for  the  purpose  of  holding  in  Washing- 
ton, in  1889,  a centennial  celebration  of  the  establishment  of  constitutional  govern- 
ment on  the  American  continent,  to  be  participated  in  by  the  sixteen  American  re- 
publics ; 

Whereas  said  association  proposes  also  to  celebrate  the  four  hundredth  anniver- 
sary of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus,  by  establishing  in  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington a permanent  exposition  of  the  history,  arts,  and  industries  of  the  American 
nations. 

Resolved,  That  the  Commercial  Exchange  of  Kansas  City  cordially  favors  the  ob- 
jects of  the  said  association,  and  the  proposed  celebrations,  believing  that  it  will  pro- 
mote more  intimate  relations  among  the  American  Nations,  to  their  mutual  advantage 
and  to  the  support  ot  republican  institutions  on  the  continent. 

[Business  Men’s  Association,  Buffalo,  January,  1888.  J 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  celebrate,  in  due  and  proper  form,  at  our  own  capital 
city  of  Washington,  in  the  year  1889,  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  theestablish- 
ment  of  constitutional  government  in  the  western  hemisphere,  in  which  celebration 
all  of  the  sixteen  republics  of  North,  Central,  and  South  America  are  to  unite;  and 
Whereas  it  is  also  proposed  to  make  timely  and  abundant  preparation  for  the  four  h un- 
dredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  in  1492,  by  Columbus,  and  to  celebrate 
in  a becoming  manner,  and  upon  a scale  of  magnificence  befitting  so  great  an  event, 
by  an  exposition  of  antiquities,  of  history,  of  the  progress  of  art,  agriculture,  science, 
and  manufactures,  to  be  held  in  the  city  of  Washington  in  the  year  1892;  and 

Whereas  the  proposed  celebrations  are  to  be  under  the  auspices  of  our  National 
Government  and  the  management  and  corftrol  of  nine  officials  to  be  appointed  jointly 
by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  the  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  : Therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  Buffalo  Business  Men’s  Association  do  most  emphatically  approve 
of  the  proposed  celebrations,  and  believe  that  by  so  associating  our  sister  republics  on 
the  two  continents  with  ourselves  in  mutual  acknowledgment  of  the  great  debt  we 
owe  to  those  who  conceived  and  made  practical  the  wise  and  wonderful  systems  of 
constitutional  government  with  which  both  continents  are  blessed,  and  which  stand 
at  once  the  pattern  for  all  the  peoples  of  the  earth  to  copy,  and  also  are  the  fountain 
of  blessings  and  prosperity  to  a hundred  millions  of  free  and  enlightened  citizens, 
who-dwell  on  a continent  that  four  hundred  years  ago  greeted  the  weary  eyes  of  the 
great  searcher,  Christopher  Columbus,  a new,  almost  untrodden  world ; and  be  it 
further 

Resolved,  That  the  secretary  of  this  board  be  directed  to  transmit  a copy  of  this 
document  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  the 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  with  the  signatures  of  the  association  ap- 
pended thereto. 

[City  council,  SpriDgfield,  Ohio,  January  10,  1888.1 

Whereas  it  is  jiroposed  to  hold  at  the  national  capital,  in  1889,  an  American  inter- 
republic  celebration  in  honor  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  Constitution  ; 
and  in  1892,  an  inter- American  and  world’s  exposition  in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Christopher  Columbus ; and 

Whereas  it  is  also  proposed  to  establish  at  the  national  capital,  in  1892,  a perma- 
nent exposition  of  the  arts  and  industries  of  the  three  Americas:  Therefore, 

Resolved,  That  the  city  council  of  the  city  of  Springfield,  Ohio,  favours  this  movement 
as  timely  in  conception  and  of  great  importance  to  the  manufacturers  of  the  United 
States  in  opening  up  new  American  markets  for  our  surplus  products,  and  stimulating 
more  intimate  relations  between  the  several  nations  of  the  western  hemisphere. 

Resolved,  That  the  city  clerk  be,  and  is  hereby,  directed  to  send  copies  of  these  reso- 
lutions'1 to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  the 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

[ Board  of  Trade,  Zanesville,  Ohio,  January  6,  1888.] 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  celebrate  in  Washington  in  1889,  under  the  control  and  di- 
rection of  Congress,  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  establishment  of  constitu- 
tional government ; and 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS.  27 


Whereas  it  is  also  proposed  to  hold  at  Washington  in  1892  a world’s  exposition  in 
honor  of  the  fourth  centenary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Christopher  Colum- 
bus, which  exposition  it  is  designed  to  make  permanent,  and  to  become  a true  ex- 
position of  the  arts,  the  industries,  the  progress,  and  the  attainments  of  the  people 
who  shall  compose  the  several  American  States  and  republics  : Therefore,  be  it 

Resolved  by  the  Board  of  Trade  of  Zanesville,  Ohio,  That  this  board  regards  with 
great  favor  these  several  undertakings  as  matters  in  themselves  eminently  patriotic' 
and  advantageous  to  the  whole  people,  and  becoming  the  dignity,  the  grandeur,  and 
the  greatness  of  the  American  Republic. 

Resolved,  That  the  secretary  be  directed  to  cause  a certified  copy  of  the  foregoing 
preamble  and  resolutions  to  be  forwarded  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  the 
President  of  the  Senate,  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

[Mayor  and  city  council,  Erie,  Pa.,  February  23,  1888.] 

In  the  matter  of  the  Constitutional  Centennial  Celebration  in  1889,  World’s  Expo- 
sition in  1892,  and  Permanent  Exposition  of  the  Three  Americas  as  the  outgrowth  of 
the  latter. 

I do  hereby  certify  that  the  mayor,  select  and  common  councils  of  the  city  of  Erie, 
Pa.,  have  accepted  the  invitation  and  approved  of  the  movement. 

Witness  my  hand  and  the  seal  of  said  city  the  day  and  year  above  written. 

T.  Hanlon, 

City  Clerk. 

[Board  of  Trade,  Scranton,  Pa.,  December  19,  1887.] 

Resolved,  That  the  Scranton  Board  of  Trade  heartily  approve  of  the  projected  world’s 
exposition  to  be  held  in  the  city  of  Washington,  in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth  an- 
niversary of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus,  as  a means  of  promoting  more 
intimate  commercial  relations  between  American  nations,  and  of  displaying  to  the 
world  the  blessings  of  republican  institutions,  and  of  establishing  a permanent  ex- 
hibition of  the  various  arts  and  industries  of  the  United  States,  and  they  respect- 
fully urge  upon  the  National  Government  the  adoption  of  the  necessary  legislation 
for  such  a national  celebration  and  establishment. 

Resolved,  That  the  secretary  be  directed  to  transmit  a copy  of  these  resolutions  to 
the  President;  of  the  United  States,  the  Senate,  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, and  the  secretary  of  the  National  Board  of  Promotion. 

[Board  of  Trade,  Burlington,  Vt.,  February  29,  1888.] 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  to  hold  at  the  national  capital,  in  1889,  a constitutional 
centennial  celebration  by  the  sixteen  American  republics  in  honor  of  the  one  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  Constitution  of  the  parent  republic  (the  United  States),  and  in 
1892,  a world’s  exposition  in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  dis- 
covery of  America,  all  to  be  under  the  auspices  of  the  General  Government  as  stated 
in  the  letters  this  day  received  from  Mr.  Alex.  D.  Anderson,  secretary  of  the  National 
Board  of  Promotion ; Therefore,  Resolved,  That  the  Burlington  Board  of  Trade  (Ver- 
mont) favors  the  proposed  celebration. 

Resolved,  That  the  secretary  be  instructed  to  send  to  Mr.  Anderson  copies  of  these 
resolutions  as  requested,  one  for  the  President  of  the  United  States,  one  to  the  Pres- 
ident of  the  Senate,  and  one  for  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

[Chamber  of  Commerce,  Richmond,  Va.,  January  12,  1888.] 

Whereas,  it  is  proposed  to  hold  at  the  national  capital  in  1889  a constitutional  cen- 
tennial celebration  by  the  sixteen  American  republics,  and  in  1892  a world’s  expo- 
sition in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by 
Columbus,  which  exposition  of  the  antiquities,  history,  arts,  and  industries  of  the 
three  Americas  is  intended  to  be  permanent : 

Resolved,  That  we  favor  this  movement  toward  more  intimate  commercial  and  social 
relations  between  the  United  States  and  the  several  sister  nations  of  the  three  Amer- 
icas. 

Resolved,  That  this  movement  commends  itself  to  the  support  of  the  merchants  and 
manufacturers  of  the  United  States  as  a matter  of  great  practical  importance  in  pro- 
moting friendly  international  intercourse  and  in  stimulating  arts  and  industries. 

Resolved,  That,  in  view  of  the  shortness  of  the  time  for  preparation,  steps  should  be 
immediately  taken  by  the  General  Government  to  provide  the  necessary  buildings  and 
carry  forward  the  enterprise. 

Resolved,  That  the  secretary  is  hereby  requested  to  transmit  a duly  certified  copy  of 
these  resolutions  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  the  President  of  the  Senate, 
and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  also  to  the  Senators  and  Rep- 
resentatives from  Virginia  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States. 


28  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


[Tobacco  Association,  Lynchburgh,  Va.,  September  5,  1887.] 

Besolved  by  the  Lynchburgh  Tobacco  Association,  That  we  favor  the  movement  look- 
ing to  aconstitutional  centennial  oelebration  by  the  sixteen  American  republics  at 
Washington  in  1889,  and  a world’s  exposition  in  1892,  in  the  same  city,  in  honor  of 
the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America. 

Besolved,  That  three  members  of  this  association  be  appointed  by  the  president  com- 
mitteemen to  co-operate  with  the  president  and  secretary  as  members  of  the  Board  of 
Promotion,  and  that  the  president  be  ex-officio  chairman  of  . said  committee  of  five. 

Besolved,  That  said  committee  is  hereby  instructed  to  take  the  necessary  steps  for 
giving  prominence  to  the  tobacco  trade  of  Lynchburgh  in  said  movement,  and  report 
from  time  to  time  to  this  association, 

[Virginia  State  Grange,  December  12, 1887.] 

Whereas  the  proposed  centennial  celebration,  at  Washington  City,  of  the  promulga- 
tion of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  in  1889,  and  inter-American  exhibition 
in  memory  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  this  continent  by 
Columbus,  are  matters  which  will  be  of  great  material  value  to  the  agricultural  and 
mechanical  industries  of  the  country ; 

Whereas  such  an  exhibition  will  bring  about  more  friendly  relations  between  the 
American  Republics  and  the  people  of  the  civilized  world,  and  hasten  that  “ good 
time  coming  ” when  the  sword  shall  be  beat  into  the  plowshare  and  spear  into  the 
pruning  hook  : Therefore  be  it 

Besolved,  That  the  State  Grange  of  Virginia,  representing  every  section  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, in  the  fifteenth  annual  session  assembled,  dc  hereby  heartily  indorse  the 
proposed  exhibition  and  celebration  of  these  two  most  memorable  events  in  the  history 
of  the  civilized  world,  and  we  demand,  through  our  national  legislative  committee, 
that  the  Senators  and  Representatives  from  Virginia  in  the  Congress  of  the  Doited 
States,  do  aid  by  their  votes  these  most  important  measures  ; and 

Besolved,  That  the  legislature  of  Virginia  be  requested,  under  seal  of  this  grange, 
by  our  State  legislative  committee  to  make  adequate  appropriations  for  the  proper 
representation  of  the  agricultural,  mechanical,  manufacturing,  and  mining  interest  of 
the  State  at  the  proposed  exhibition. 

[Chamber  of  Commerce,  Tacoma,  Wash.,  January  16, 1888.] 

We,  the  members  of  the  Tacoma  Chamber  of  Commerce,  recognizing  the  propriety 
of  fitly  celebrating  two  events  of  sucb  transcendent  historical  interest  as  the  discov- 
ery of  America  by  Columbus,  and  the  adoption  of  our  National  Constitution,  cordially 
unite  withoui  sister  organizations  throughout  the  country  in  recommending  and  urg- 
ing our  National  Congress  to  take  sucb  action  and  make  such  provisions  foi  the  suit- 
able celebration  of  these  event  s in  1892  as  in  their  wisdom  may  seem  consistent  and 
adequate  to  a suitable  recognition  of  the  faitb  and  courage  oi  the  great  discoverer, 
and  the  wisdom  and  patriotism  of  the  founders  ol  our  Government. 


VIII 


LETTERS  FROM  GOVERNORS  OF  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES. 

ALASKA. 


District  of  Alaska,  Executive  Office, 

Sitka,  August  27,  1886. 


Sir  : Having  just  returned  from  a three  months’  absence  on  official  business.  I find 
your  favor  of  the  7th  June  informing  me  of  my  appointment  as  a member  ex  officio  of 
the  Exposition  Board  of  Promotion.  I accept  the  appointment  most  cheerfully,  and 
beg  to  assure  you  that  whatever  I can  do  to  promote  the  important  work  you*  have  in 
hand  will  be  done.  I will  esteem  it  a favor  if  you  will  kindly  suggest  the  way  in 
which  I can  make  myself  most  useful  in  that  regard. 

Very  respectfully,  * 

A.  P.  SwiNEVORD, 

Governor. 


Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary  Board  of  Promotion,  Washington,  D.  C. 


ARIZONA. 

Executive  Department  of  Arizona, 

Office  of  the  Governor, 

Prescott,  Ariz.,  June  12,  1886. 

Dear  Sir  : Your  circular  letter  of  the  5th  instant  is  at  hand.  J accept  the  appoint- 
ment, and  will  cheerfully  give  any  influence  in  my  power  toward  the  promotion  of 
this  important  work. 

Very  respectfully, 

C Meyer  Zulick, 

Governor. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary,  etc.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


ARKANSAS. 

State  of  Arkansas,  Executive  Office, 

Little  Rock,  December  16,  1887. 

Sir:  I have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  circular  letter  of  the  12tb 
instant,  and  to  say  iD  reply  that  1 accept  the  appointment  to  act  as  one  of  the  “Na- 
tional Board  of  Promotion  of  the  Constitutional  Celebration  iD  1889,  and  of  the 
“World’s  Exposition  iD  1892,  as  also  of  the  “Permanent  Exposition  of  the  Three 
Americas.”  I shall  be  pleased  to  do  what  I can  to  aid  these  great  national  enter- 
prises, but  have  to  regret  that  thus  fai  no  provision  has  been  made  in  Arkansas  to 
encourage  them,  but  indulge  the  hope  that  there  yet  may  be. 

Very  respectfully, 

Simon  P.  Hughes, 

Governor  of  Arkansas. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson, 

Secretary  National  Board  of  Promotion , Washington , D.  C. 


30  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS 


CALIFORNIA. 


State  of  California,  Executive  Department, 

Sacramento,  Cal.,  June  16,  1886. 

Dear  Sir:  The  governor  desires  to  acknowledge,  with  thanks,  the  receipt  of  your 
esteemed  favor  of  the  5th  instant,  informing  him  that  he  has  been  appointed  a mem- 
ber ex  officio  of  the  Exposition  Board  of  Promotion,  whose  objects  he  considers  highly 
commendable  and  worthy  the  support  of  all  patriotic  citizens. 

Very  respectfully, 

J.  J.  Tobin, 

Private  Secretary. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Washington,  D.  C. 


CONNECTICUT. 


State  of  Connecticut,  Executive  Department, 

Hartford,  Conn.,  September  14,  1886. 

Sir:  I have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  communication  inform- 
ing me  that  I have  been  appointed  a member  ex  officio  of  the  Exposition  Board  of 
Promotion,  etc. 

Being  in  cordial  sympathy  with  the  designs  of  the  organization  represented  by  the 
board,  I accept  the  appointment  with  great  pleasure. 

Very  respectfully, 

Henry  B.  Harrison, 

Governor. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary,  etc. 


State  of  Connecticut,  Executive  Department, 

Hartford,  December  19,  188?. 


My  Dear  Sir  : Your  esteemed  favor  of  the  12th  is  at  hand. 

Governor  Lounsburv  directs  me  to  say  in  reply  that  he  accepts  with  pleasure  the 
appointment  conferred,  and  trusts  that  nothing  will  interfere  with  a grand  success 
in  the  work  suggested. 

Sincerely, 


Geo.  B.  McLean, 
Executive  Secretary. 


Alex.  D.  AnBerson,  Esq., 

Secretary. 


DAKOTA. 

Territory  of  Dakota,  Executive  Office, 

Bismarck,  June  12,  1886. 

Dear  Sir:  Your  communication  of  the  5th  instant,  informing  me  that  I have  been 
appointed  a member  ex  officio  of  the  “Exposition  Board  of  Promotion,”  is  received. 
I have  no  objection  to  accepting  the  place,  though  what  I can  do  to  favor  the  enter- 
prise depends  lately  on  whether  it  is  made  a national  movement  and  recognized  and 
indorsed  as  the  celebration  of  that  interesting  period.  It  is  very  important  Hiat,  if 
Congress  is  to  take  hold  of  the  matter  at  all,  it  do  so  at  this  session. 

I am,  very  respectfully, 

Gilbert  A.  Pierce, 

Governor  of  Dakota. 

Alexander  D.  Anderson, 

Secretary,  etc.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS.  31 


DAKOTA. 


Territory  of  Dakota,  Executive  Office, 

Bismarck,  December  30,  1887. 

Dear  Sir:  Yours  of  12th  instant  at  hand,  notifying  me  of  my  appointment  as  a 
member  of  the  Centennial  and  Exposition  National  Board  of  Promotion.  I will  be 
glad  to  aid  you  in  every  proper  way. 

Respectfully, 

Louis  K.  Church.  • 


Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Seo’y,  etc.,  Washington , D.  C. 


DELAWARE. 

Middletown,  Del.,  December  19,  1887. 

Dear  Sir:  Your  favor  received,  advising  me  that  I have  “been  appointed  a mem- 
ber of  the  Centennial  and  Exposition  National  Board  of  Promotion. ” I will  accept 
and  co-operate  with  you  to  secure  success. 

Very  respectfully, 

B.  T.  Biggs. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq. 


FLORIDA. 

State  of  Florida  Executive  Office, 

Tallahassee,  June  11,  1886. 

Dear  Sir  : I have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  your  favor  of  the  5th  instant,  inform- 
ing me  that  I have  been  appointed  a member  ex  officio  of  the  Exposition  Board  of 
Promotion,  having  in  view  a permanent  exposition  of  the  Three  Americas  and  a con- 
stitutional celebration  in  1889,  and  world’s  exposition  in  1892,  in  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington, and  asking  me  to  advise  you  if  I accept  the  appointment  and  will  use  my 
influence  in  the  promotion  of  this  important  work.  I beg  to  reply  unhesitatingly  in 
the  affirmative,  and  to  say  that  1 have  long  been  deeply  impressed  with  the  great  im- 
portance to  Florida  and  the  other  Gulf  States  especially,  and  to  our  whole  coun{ry, 
of  cultivating  close  relations  with  the  South  and  Central  American  States,  and  I 
shall  gladly  do  all  in  my  power  to  aid  in  promoting  any  scheme  which  gives  promise 
in  that  direction. 

Very  respectfully,  « 

E.  A.  Perry. 

Alex.  D.  Enderson,  Esq., 

Secretary , etc.,  Washington , D.  C. 


GEORGIA. 

State  of  Georgia,  Executive  Department, 

Atlanta,  Ga.,  December  6,  1886. 

My  Dear  Sir:  I am  instructed  by  his  excellency  John.B.  Gordon,  governor  of 
Georgia,  to  state  that  your  circular  letters  of  the  5th  of  June  and  the  11th  of  Sep- 
tember were  duly  received  at  this  office,  containing  the  notification  that  the  gov- 
ernor of  this  State  had  been  appointed  an  ex-officio  member  of  the  board  you  represent, 
and,  since  his  inauguration,  have  been  laid  before  him. 

He  requests  me  to  say  that  he  accepts  the  appointment  tendered,  and,  being  in  full 
sympathy  with  the  objects  of  the  board,  will  do  whatever  he  can  to  insure  its  reali- 
zation. 

I am,  .very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

James  T.  Nisbet, 
Secretary,  Executive  Department. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson, 

Sec’y  of  the  Board  of  Promotion. 


32  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


IDAHO. 

Executive  Office,  Bois£  City,  Idaho, 

June  15,  1886. 

Sir  : Your  esteemed  favor  of  the  5th  instant,  notifying  me  of  my  appointment  as  a 
member  ex  officio  of  the  Exposition  Board  of  Promotion  for  the  Permanent  Exposition 
of  Three  Americas,  Constitutional  Centennial  Celebration,  and  the  World’s  Exposition 
in  1892,  at  Washington  City,  D.  C.,  has  been  received. 

In  accepting  the  honor  of  the  appointment,  I beg  to  return  thanks  to  the  honorable 
board  for  the  compliment  bestowed,  and  also  to  assure  the  board  that  it  will  be  deemed 
both  a pleasure  and  duty,  on  my  part,  to  contribute  every  aid  and  influence  in  my 
power  to  make  the  exposition  and  the  centennial  celebration  contemplated  by  the 
board  the  most  noteworthy  historical  events  of  the  nineteenth  century. 

With  the  most  ardent  wish  for  the  complete  success  of  the  patriotic  and  important 
undertaking, 

I am,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

Edward  A.  Stevenson, 
Governor , 

Alexander  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Washington , D.  C. 


IOWA. 

State  of  Iowa,  Executive  Department, 

Des  Moines,  June  16,  1886. 

Dear  Sir  : 1 have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  5th 
instant,  notifying  me  of  my  appointment  as  a member  ex  officio  of  the  Exposition 
Board  of  Promotion. 

Thanking  your  executive  committee  for  this  compliment,  I take  this  opportunity 
to  say  that,  though  expositions  are  very  expensive  for  the  country  or  nation  indulg- 
ing in  them,  they  are  always  fully,  and  many  times  even  doubly  and  trebly,  worth 
their  cost.  Expositions  are  civilizers,  like  steam  and  the  printing  press,  and  the 
enormous  present  progress  in  the  manufacture  and  commerce  of  the  world  is  due  in 
a large  degree  to  the  various  expositions  of  the  last  thirty  years. 

I haye  no  doubt  that  a realization  of  your  programme  will  bring  about  anew  and 
better  industrial  and  commercial  era  in  the  new  hemisphere. 

Yours,  respectfully, 

Wm.  Larrabee, 

Governor, 

Alexander  D.  Anderson, 

Secretary , etc.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


KANSAS. 


State  of  Kansas,  Executive  Department, 

Topeka,  June  29,  1886. 

My  Dear  Sir  : I have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  June 
24,  concerning  the  proposed  Permanent  Exposition  of  the  Three  Americas,  to  be 
held  in  Washington  in  1889  and  in  1892. 

I heartily  indorse  the  contemplated  exposition,  and  accept  with  pleasure  the  ap- 
pointment tendered  me  as  a member  ex  officio  of  the  Board  of  Promotion. 

I trust  the  project  will  be  successfully  carried  out ; and  it  will  afford  me  pleasure 
to  contribute  all  the  assistance  in  my  power  to  make  the  proposed  celebration  a suc- 


Yery  respectfully, 


John  A.  Martin. 


Alexander  D.  Anderson, 

Secretary,  Washington. 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


33 


KENTUCKY. 


Executive  Department,  Frankfort,  Ky., 

June  28,  1886. 


Sir  : I have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  yours  of  the  5th  instant,  noti- 
fying me  of  my  appointment  as  a member  ex  officio  of  the  Board  of  Promotion  of  the 
Permanent  Exposition  of  the  Three  Americas  and  other  projects  referred  to,  and  I 
have  no  doubt  thatthe  scheme,  if  properly  conducted,  would  redound  very  greatly  to 
the  interests  of  this  Commonwealth.  I beg  to  assure  you  that  I will  take  pleasure  in 
doing  what  I can,  consistently,  to  promote  its  success.  I have  the  honor  to  be, 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

J.  Proctor  Knott. 


Alexander  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary , etc.,  Washington,  I).  C. 


LOUISIANA. 


Executive  Department,  State  of  Louisiana, 

Baton  Rouge , La.,  September  21, 1886. 

Dear  Sir  : I am  pleased  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter,  with  notification 
of  my  appointment  as  member  ex  officio  of  the  Exposition  Board  of  Promotion,  which 
is  accepted,  with  the  hope  that  I may  be  able  to  extend  a hearty  co-operation  in  for- 
warding the  success  of  the  exposition  of  the  Three  Americas. 

Very  respectfully,  yours, 

S.  D.  McEnery,  Governor. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson, 

Secretary  Board  of  Promotion,  Permanent  Exposition  of  the  Three  Americas. 


MAINE. 

State  of  Maine,  Executive  Department, 

Augusta,  June  25,  1886. 

Dear  Sir  : Yours  of  the  5th  instant,  relating  to  membership  of  the  Board  of  Pro- 
motion of  the  exposition  to  beheld  in  Washington,  has  been  received.  In  reply, I 
will  say  that  it  will  give  me  pleasure  to  do  whatever  I can  to  promote  the  enterprise. 

Yours,  very  respectfully, 

Frederick  Robie. 


MAINE. 

State  of  Maine,  Executive  Department, 

Augusta,  Me.,  February  13,  1888. 

Dear  Sir:  His  excellency  Governor  Marble  directs  mo  to  acknowledge  with 
thanks  the  receipt  of  your  communication,  under  date  of  January  13,  informing  him 
that  he  has  been  appointed  a member  ex  officio  of  the  Exposition  Board  of  Promotion, 
and  to  say  that  he  considers  its  objects  highly  commendable,  and  will  do  what  he 
can  to  promote  the  enterprise. 

Very  respectfully, 

E.  C.  Stevens, 
Private  Secretary. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson, 

Secretary  National  Board  of  Promotion , Willard’s  Hotel,  Washington,  D.  C. 


MARYLAND. 

State  of  Maryland,  Executive  Department, 

Jnnapohs,  January  16,  1888. 

Dear  Sir:  Your  kind  favor  informing  me  I have  been  appointed  a member  of  the 
National  Board  of  Promotion  of  the  centennial  and  exposition  movement  received. 

H.  Rep.  2601 3 


34  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


I would  say  iu  reply  that  I feel  a great  interest  in  the  success  of  the  movement, 
and  will  do  what  I can  in  the  matter. 

Yours,  truly, 

E.  E.  Jackson. 

Mr.  Alex.  D.  Anderson, 

Secretary  National  Board  of  Promotion,  Washington,  D.  C. 


MINNESOTA. 


State  of  Minnesota,  Executive  Department, 
Saint  Pauly  August  11,  1886. 

Dear  Sir  : I have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  receipt  of  your  communication  in- 
forming me  that  I have  been  appointed  a member  ex  offido  of  the  Board  of  Promotion 
of  the  Permanent  Exposition  of  the  Three  Americas. 

Believing  that  your  undertaking,  if  carried  to  successful  completion,  will  be  greatly 
advantageous  to  the  varied  interests  of  our  extended  country,  I willingly  consent  to 
undertake  the  discharge  of  such  duties  as  the  position  may  impose  upon  me. 

Very  respectfully, 


L.  F.  Hubbard, 

Governor. 


Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary  Board  of  Promotion,  Washington,  D.  C. 


MISSISSIPPI. 

State  of  Mississippi,  Executive  Department, 
Jackson,  Miss.,  June  11,  1886. 

My  Dear  Sir  : I beg  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  favor  of  the  5th  instant, 
and  to  thank  you  and,  through  you,  the  members  of  the  Exposition  Board  of  Promo- 
tion, for  the  courtesy  extended  me  by  electing  me  a member  of  your  organization. 

The  object  iu  view  has  my  most  hearty  .approval,  and  I will  cheerfully  give  you  any 
assistance  I may  be  able  to  render. 

Very  respectfully, 

Robert  Lowry. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary,  etc.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


MISSOURI. 

State  of  Missouri,  Executive  Department, 

City  of  Jefferson,  January  23,  1888. 

Sir  : Yours  of  recenl  date,  informing  me  that  I have  been  appointed  a member  of 
the  National  Board  of  Promotion,  is  at  hand. 

I cheerfully  accept  the  appointment  and  shall  ever  stand  ready  to  contribute  what 
I may  to  the  success  of  the  commendable  enterprises  which  such  board  has  in  hand. 
Very  truly,  yours, 

A.  P.  Morehouse, 

Governor  Missouri. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


MONTANA. 


The  Territory  of  Montana,  Governor’s  Office, 

Helena,  September  29,  1886. 

Dear  Sir  : Your  letter  of  September  11  received.  I accept  the  appointment  as  a 
member  ex  officio  of  the  Exposition  Board  of  Promotion  with  thanks. 

Very  respectfully, 

S.  T.  Houser, 

Governor. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary,  Washington,  D.  C. 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


35 


NEBRASKA. 


State  of  Nebraska, 
Lincoln,  October  7,  1886. 

Dear  Sir:  Notification  of  my  appointment  as  member  or  officio  of  the  Board  of  Pro- 
motion of  the  Permanent  Exposition  of  the  Three  Americas  has  been  received.  I 
hereby  signify  my  acceptance,  and  shall  be  pleased  to  render  such  assistance  as  I may 
be  able  in  forwarding  the  interests  of  so  worthy  an  enterprise. 

Respectfully, 


James  W.  Dawes, 

Governor . 


Alex.  D.  Anderson, 

Secretary. 


NEVADA. 

Executive  Department,  Governor's  Office, 

Carson  City,  Nev.,  December  31,  1887. 

Dear  Sir:  With  sincere  thanks  I acknowledge  yours  of  the  12th  instant,  notifying 
me  of  my  appointment  as  a member  ex  officio  of  the  Exposition  Board  of  Promotion, 
I hereby  accept,  and  will  co-operate  in  the  worthy  action  to  be  had  in  the  premises 
to  the  best  of  my  ability. 

I am,  very  truly,  yours, 

C.  C.  Stevenson, 

Governor. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary,  etc.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

State  of  New  Hampshire,  Executive  Department, 

Concord,  December  24,  1887. 

Dear  Sir:  Your  letter  of  the  12th  instant  came  during  my  absence  from  home, 
hence  delay  in  reply. 

I accept  the  appointment,  and  will  act  with  the  board  in  promotion  of  its  work, 
which  I regard  of  national  importance  and  benefit. 

Yours,  truly, 

C.  F.  Sawyer. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary  National  Board  of  Promotion,  Washington,  D.  C. 


NEW  JERSEY. 

State  of  New  Jersey,  Executive  Department, 

Trenton,  December  13,  1887. 

Dear  Sir:  I am  in  receipt  of  your  favor  of  the  12th  instant,  informing  me  of  my 
appointment  as  a member  of  the  Centennial  and  Exposition  National  Board  of  Promo- 
tion. 

It  will  give  me  pleasure  to  do  whatever  may  be  in  my  power  to  promote  the  object 
of  your  organization. 

Very  respectfully, 


Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary  of  National  Board  of  Promotion. 


Rob't  S.  Green. 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


OREGON. 


State  of  Oregon, 

Salem,  Oregon,  November  8,  1886. 

Dear  Sir:  Your  communication  of  recent  date,  notifying  me  of  my  appointment  as 
a member  ex  officio  of  tbe  Board  of  Promotion  of  the  Permanent  Exposition  of  the 
Three  Americas,  is  at  hand.  I accept  with  pleasure  the  appointment  tendered,  and 
will  contribute  so  far  as  it  may  be  within  my  power  towards  the  success  of  the  pro- 
posed enterprise. 

Yours,  respectfully, 

Zenas  F.  Moody, 

Governor. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson, 

Secretary,  etc.,  Washington,  D . C . 


PENNSYLVANIA.  _ 

Executive  Department, 
Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania, 

Harrisburg , Pa.,  September  14,  1886. 

Sir  : In  reply  to  your  favor  I beg  leave  to  say  that  I cheerfully  accept  my  appoint- 
ment as  member  ex  officio  of  the  Board  of  Promotion,  and  will  be  glad  to  give  the  in- 
terests it  represents  whatever  weight  of  influence  I may  possess.  I am  impressed  that 
the  object  is  a most  laudable  one,  and  if  successfully  carried  out  will  materially  bene- 
fit the  industrial  and  commercial  outlook  of  the  country. 

I have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

Rob’t  E.  Pattison, 

Governor . 

Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary  Board  of  Promotion , Washington , D.  C. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


State  of  Rhode  Island,  Executive  Department, 

Providence,  December  14,  1887. 

My  Dear  Sir  : Yours  of  the  12th  instant,  notifying  mo  of  my  appointment  upon  the 
Board  of  Promotion  of  the  Centennial  National  Exposition,  is  at  hand. 

In  reply  permit  me  to  say  that  I am  pleased  to  accept  the  appointment,  and  shall 
be  glad  to  aid,  in  any  way  I may  be  able  to  do,  the  purposes  and  objects  in  view. 
Thanking  you  for  your  consideration,  I am,  respectfully, 

Yours,  obliged, 

John  W.  Davis, 
Governor . 

Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary,  ete. 


TENNESSEE. 


Executive  Office, 

Nashville,  Tenn.,  June  28,  1886. 

Dear  Sir  : I have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  your  circular  note  informing  me  that 
I had  been  appointed  a member  ex  officio  of  the  Exposition  Board  of  Promotion,  for 
which  please  accept  my  thanks.  Hoping  the  movement  may  be  successful  and  will 
result  in  great  practical  good  to  our  country,  and  that  its  benefits  may  be  reciprocal 
and  enjoyed  by  all  interested  in  it, 

I am,  with  much  respect,  yours  truly, 

Wm.  B.  Bate. 


Alex  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Washington,  D.  C. 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS.  37 


TEXAS. 


Executive  Office, 
Austin,  Tex.,  July  3,  1886. 

Sir  : I have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  a notice  of  my  appointment  as 
member  ex  officio  of  the  Board  of  Promotion,  having  in  view  a permanent  exposition 
of  the  three  Americas  in  1892.  I accept  the  appointment,  and  hope  Texas  will 
avail  herself  of  that  opportunity  of  showing  to  the  world  some  of  her  vast  resources. 

I am,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

Jno.  Ireland. 


Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Washington , D.  C. 


UTAH. 


Territory  of  Utah,  Executive  Office, 

Salt  Lake  City,  July  2,  1886. 

Dear  Sir  : I have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  notification  of,  and  my  accept- 
ance of,  the  appointment  as  a member  ex  officio  of  the  Exposition  Board  of  Promotion. 
The  project  meets  my  hearty  approval  as  a becoming  way  in  which  to  celebrate  the 
great  events  to  bo  commemorated  as  one  calculated  to  promote  and  advance  tho  in- 
terests of  the  whole  country  and  to  add  to  our  beautiful  capital  city  an  additional 
magnificent  permanent  attraction.  It  will  give  me  pleasure  to  aid  in  every  proper 
way  the  important  work. 

I am,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

Caleb  W.  West. 


Alex.  D.  Anderson, 

Secretary  Exposition  Board  of  Promotion , 

Washington,  D.  C. 


VERMONT. 


State  of  Vermont, 

Secretary  of  Civil  and  Military  Affairs, 

Hartford , June  11,  1886. 

My  Dear  Sir  : I am  instructed  by  his  excellency  Samuel  E.  Pingree,  governor  of 
Vermont,  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  circular  letter  of  the  5th  instant,  and  to 
say  that  he  is  pleased  to  accept  the  honor  of  the  appointment  indicated  in  your  said 
letter,  for  which  he  returns  thanks,  with  the  assurance  that  he  will  do  all  that  he  can 
consistently  with  his  various  duties  to  promote  the  important  work  outlined  or  re- 
ferred to. 

I have  the  honor  to  be,  yours,  very  respectfully, 

Alfred  E.  Watson, 

Secretary,  etc. 

Aucx.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary  etc.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


State  of  Vermont,  Executive  Chamber, 

Brandon,  December  17,  1887. 

Dear  Sir:  Your  circular  letter  of  12th  instant,  by  which  I am  informed  that  I have 
been  appointed  a member  of  the  Centennial  and  Exposition  Mational  Board  of  Pro- 
motion, has  been  received.  In  reply  I have  to  say  that  it  is  with  pleasure  that  I ac- 
cept tho  appointment,  and  that  it  will  also  bo  my  pleasure  to  co-operate  with  my 
associates  in  the  undertaking. 

I am,  sir,  respectfully,  yours, 


Ebenezer  J.  Ormsbee, 

Governor. 


Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary , etc.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


38  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


v 


VIRGINIA. 

Commonwealth  of  Virginia,  Governor’s  Office, 
Richmond , Va.,  June  7,  1886. 

My  Dear  Sir  : I have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  communication 
of  the  5th  instant,  informing  me  that  I had  been  appointed  a member  ex  officio  of  the 
Exposition  Board  of  Promotion.  Believing  that  the  project  will  be  of  great  practi- 
cal importance  and  vaiue  to  my  State,  I will  be  glad  to  do  my  part  toward  making 
said  exposition  a success. 

I am,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

Fitzhugh  Lee. 

Mr.  Alex.  D.  Anderson, 

Secretary  Permanent  Exposition  of  the 

Three  Americas,  Washington,  D.  G. 


WASHINGTON  TERRITORY. 


Washington  Territory,  Executive  Office, 

Olympia,  July  7,  1886. 

Dear  Sir:  Your  communication  of  June  24,  accompanied  with  clippings  from 
newspapers  commendatory  of  the  enterprise  you  are  striving  to  promote,  has  been 
received,  and,  in  reply,  I beg  to  assure  you  of  my  hearty  approval  of  the  project,  and 
I will  be  glad  to  give  my  influence  in  aid  of  its  advancement. 

I am,  very  respectfully, 

Watson  C.  Squire, 

Governor. 


Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq.,  ' 

Seci'etary  Board  of  Promotion,  Washington,  D.  C. 


i 


Washington  Territory,  Executive  Department, 

Olympia,  December  20,  1887. 

Sir  : I hereby  acknowledge  receipt  of  your  note  of  December  12,  with  inclosures. 
I am  anxious  to  assist  you  with  such  influence  as  this  office  can  wield.  Please  advise 
me  of  what  you  wish  me  to  do. 

Respectfully, 

Eugene  Semple. 


Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary  Board  of  Promotion,  Washington,  D.  C. 


WEST  VIRGINIA. 


State  of  West  Virginia,  Executive  Department, 

Charleston,  November  18,  1886. 

Dear  Sir  : An  unaccountable  delay  in  the  transmission  of  your  communication 
notifying  me  of  my  appointment  as  member  ex  officio  of  the  Exposition  Board  of  Pro- 
motion will  explain  delay  in  acknowledging  receipt  and  acceptance. 

I shall  gladly  do  all  in  my  power  to  accomplish  the  important  purposes  in  view. 
Very  respectfully, 

E.  W.  Wilson. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary,  etc. 


WYOMING. 

Executive  Department,  Cheyenne,  Wyo.,  October  11,  1886. 
Dear  Sir:  Your  letter  of  September  11,  informing  me  that  I have  been  appointed 
a member  ex  officio  of  the  Board  of  Promotion  for  the  Permanent  Exposition  of  the 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


39 


Three  Americas,  is  received.  I will  he  glad  to  aid  in  every  proper  way  the  important 

work. 

Thanking  you  for  the  honor  conferred,  and  with  cordial  wishes  for  the  success  of 
the  project, 

1 am,  yours,  respectfully, 

• Francis  E.  Warren, 

Governor. 


Alex.  D Anderson, 

Secretary  Board  of  Promotion , Washington , D.  C. 


Executive  Department,  Cheyenne , Wyo.,  December  16, 1887. 
Dear  Sir:  Your  circular  letter  of  the  12th  instant,  informing  me  that  I have  been 
appointed  a member  ex  officio  of  the  Exposition  Board  of  Promotion,  is  received. 

In  accepting  the  appointment  I desire  to  assure  you  that  whatever  is  proper  to  do 
will  be  cheerfully  done  in  furtherance  of  the  exposition. 

Very  respectfully, 

Thomas  Moonlight, 

Governor. 

A lex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary  National  Board  of  Promotion , Washington , D.  C. 


IX. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  LETTERS  FROM  BOARDS  OF  TRADE , MAYORS  OF 

CITIES , ETC. 

The  number  of  letters  of  acceptance  received  during  the  past  two  years  from  presi- 
dents and  secretaries  of  boards  of  trade,  mayors  of  cities,  officers  of  granges  and 
agricultural  societies,  etc.,  is  so  large  that  it  is  impossible  to  print  them  all  in  the 
space  of  a committee  report.  But  the  following  extracts  will  show  their  friendly- 
nature  : 

[President  of  the  New  England  Shoe  and  Leather  Association.] 

We  believe  your  proposed  exposition,  under  judicious  management,  will  be  of  im- 
mense benefit  to  the  industries  of  this  country  by  increasing  our  foreign  trade,  and 
tend  to  cultivate  closer  commercial  relations  between  the  Americas. 

[President  of  the  San  Francisco  Chamber  of  Commerce.] 

I deem  it  a matter  of  vast  importance  to  the  United  States,  and  particularly  to  our 
Pacific  coast,  that  closer  relations  be  cultivated  and  maintained  with  all  the  repub- 
lics of  Mexico,  Central,  and  South  America.  I could  not  devise  or  suggest  a more 
certain  method  of  accomplishing  that  end  than  the  mode  suggested  by  your  Board  of 
Promotion. 

[Secretary  Chicago  Lumberman’s  Exchange.] 

Looking  upon  the  project  as  one  well  calculated  to  promote  a better  understanding 
and  consequently  an  increase  of  communication  and  trade  between  the  Three  Ameri- 
cas, binding  them  in  closer  commercial  intercourse,  it  will  afford  me  much  pleasure 
to  accept  the  appointment  and  to  do  all  in  my  power  to  forward  to  success  the  end 
in  view. 

[Superintendent  Mobile  Cotton  Exchange.] 

I will  cheerfully  give  all  the  support  in  my  power  to  the  laudable  undertaking,  and 
believe  a successful  management  of  the  work  will  redound  greatly  to  the  benefit  of 
the  industrial  and  commercial  interests  of  our  country. 

[Secretary  Saint  Paul  Chamber  of  Commerce.] 

I deem  the  objects  of  the  proposed  exposition  most  appropriate  and  praiseworthy, 
and  trust  that  the  American  people  will  enter  into  the  work  in  a manner  worthy  of 
the  great  events  to  be  commemorated  and  of  themselves. 

[Mayor  of  Galveston,  Tex.] 

I heartily  indorse  the  contemplated  project  df  those  having  the  promotion  of  the 
matter  in  hand,  and  will,  to  the  extent  of  my  influence  and  ability,  co-operate  with 
the  projectorsand  others  designated  in  your  circular,  in  the  furtherance  of  this  magnifi- 
cent and  patriotic  enterprise. 

[Secretary  Philadelphia  Produce  Exchange.] 

I am  heartily  in  sympathy  with  the  movement,  which  I believe  should  and  will  com- 
mand the  earnest  support  of  all  commercial  organizations  and  patriotic  and  enter- 
prising citizeps  of  the  United  States. 

40 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS.  41 


[Secretary  Atlanta  Chamber  of  Commerce.] 

I take  pleasure  in  indicating  my  acceptance  of  the  appointment,  and  will  most 
cordially  render  any  aid  in  my  power  in  the  advancement  of  this  grand  object. 

[Secretary  Detroit  Board  of  Trade.] 

The  great  events  sought  to  he  commemorated  are  worthy  of  the  united  efforts  and 
interests  of  this  great  nation  and  people,  and  the  cordial  support  of  onr  Congress  in 
every  way  to  insure  success. 

[Secretary  Nashville  Merchants’  Exchange.] 

The  object  in  view  is  one  that  should  receive  the  encouragement  of  all  classes,  and 
should  be  entered  into  with  pride  by  all  American  citizens. 

[Mayor  of  Buffalo.] 

I will  cheerfully  give  my  support  to  the  laudable  undertaking,  believing  that  it 
will  be  of  great  benefit  to  the  industrial  and  commercial  interests  of  the  country. 

[Secretary  of  the  Chattanooga  Iron  and  Coal  Manufacturer’s  Association.] 

All  American  citizens  should  hail  with  delight  the  prospective  celebration,  and  at 
so  fitting  a place,  of  the  mighty  events  in  the  history  of  this  Republic  and  of  the 
world  which  it  is  proposed  to  commemorate. 

[Mayor  of  Baltimore.] 

Believing  that  these  projects  are  wisely  conceived,  and  that  the  public  sentiment 
will  rally  around  them  with  great  unanimity  when  they  shall  have  been  clearly  un- 
derstood, and  that  their  consummation  will  result  in  great  commercial  advantages  to 
the  United  States,  I am  willing  to  co-operate  with  the  Board  of  Promotion  to  the  ex- 
tent of  my  official  influence  in  their  furtherance. 

[Secretary  of  the  Saint  Joseph  (Mo.),  Board  of  Trade. 

The  project  is  a grand  one,  and  certainly  most  opportunely  conceived.  With  all 
the  pride  of  nationality  and  American  citizenship  I wish  it  complete  success. 

[Mayor  of  Toledo,  Ohio.] 

I am  in  hearty  accord  with  the  proposed  movement,  and,  indeed,  with  all  efforts  to 
Americanize  the  Americas. 

[President  of  the  Indinapolis  Board  of  Trade.] 

The  project  meets  with  my  hearty  approval.  It  seems  admirably  adapted  to  pro- 
mote more  intimate  relations  and  secure  increased  commercial  exchanges  between  our 
country  and  her  sister  republics  of  this  continent. 

[President  Board  of  Trade,  Columbia,  S.  C.] 

Nothing  so  well  and  thoroughly  advertises  the  productions  and  resources  of  a country 
as  well  organized  expositions. 

[Secretary  National  Grange.] 

Whatever  assistance  I can  give  officially  and  personally  to  this  important  and  praise- 
worthy project  will  be  promptly  and  cheerfully  rendered. 

[Chairman  executive  committee  of  National  Grange.] 

Since  the  purposes  are  such  as  will  surely  effect  much  good  to  the  agricultural  in- 
terests of  the  whole  country,  I will  use  my  best  efforts  to  carry  them  out. 


42  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OE  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


[Secretary  Illinois  State  Grange.] 

It  seems  to  me  the  plan  proposed,  when  carried  out,  will  result  in  great  good  to 
our  American  industries,  especially  to  the  paramount  interest  of  agriculture. 

[President  of  Amherst  College.] 

It  will  please  me  to  contribute  in  any  way  in  my  power  to  the  accomplishment  of 
the  desirable  scheme  outlined  in  these  papers. 

[Manager  of  the  Mexican  and  Spanish- American  Exchange  of  Saint  Louis.] 

I confidently  believe  that  with  the  co-operation  of  clear-sighted  and  intelligent 
minds;  who  will  exercise  discretion  and  judgment  in  the  promotion  of  the  great  ob- 
ject under  consideration,  its  practical  results  will  far  exceed  the  most  sanguine  ex- 
pectations of  even  the  most  enthusiastic  of  its  promoters. 


X 


LETTERS  FROM  MINISTERS  OF  AMERICAN  NATIONS . 


VENEZUELA. 

Legation  of  the  United  States  of  Venezuela, 

Washington,  D.  C .,  March  2,  1886. 

My  Dear  Sir:  I am  in  receipt  of  your  very  welcome  favor  of  this  date,  kindly 
inviting  my  attention  to  the  accompanying  statement  of  the  plans  and  purposes  of  an 
intended  permanent  exposition  of  the  three  grand  sections  of  our  American  conti- 
nent here  in  the  capital  of  the  United  States. 

I believe  your  plans  and  purposes,  such  as  described  and  laid  down  in  your  accom- 
panying draught,  are  eminently  entitled  to  the  patronage  and  heartful  sympathies  of 
all  our  republics  and  citizens  of  the  American  system,  and  that  the  four  hundredth 
anniversary  of  Columbus’s  discovery  of  the  New  World  could  not  be  better  celebrated 
than  by  the  inauguration  of  this  exposition  in  this  grand  metropolis,  where  all  the 
nations  of  the  American  family  would  be  found,  as  it  were,  clustered  together  around 
the  Washington  Monument,  and  keeping  in  their  proper  buildings  a material  show 
of  their  advancements  and  of  their  natural  products,  giving  as  full  and  tangible  idea 
of  their  present  high  state  of  civilization  as  possible. 

With  my  best  wishes  for  the  success  of  your  truly  American  labors,  I remain,  faith- 
fully, yours, 

A.  M.  Soteldo. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq. 

In  a subsequent  letter,  addressed  to  the  secretary  of  the  Merchants  and  Manufact- 
urers’ Association  of  Baltimore,  Senor  Soteldo  said: 

“I  have  been  explicit  from  the  beginning  of  this  transcendental  idea  in  expressing 
my  admiration  and  faith  in  its  final  success,  and  the  benefits  to  be  derived  by  all  the 
several  commonwealths  of  our  vast  hemisphere. 

“The  contemplated  permanent  exposition  of  all  the  natural  and  industrial  products 
of  our  sections,  I believe,  will  naturally  result  in  the  organization  of  a vast  conti- 
nental museum,  where  ready  and  accurate  exhibits  will  at  once  be  found,  giving  most 
practical  ideas  of  the  resources  and  development  of  each  country  in  particular  and 
of  all  in  general. 

“I  believe  the  advantages  of  this  general  display  of  the  treasures  of  nature  and  art, 
in  our  whole  America,  deserves  the  full  support  and  earnest,  unanimous  concurrence 
of  every  Government  and  commonwealth  within  its  vast  territorial  extension. 

“ I have  given  and  am  ready  to  give  my  full  support  to  the  contemplated  exposition 
and  to  its  final  success,  of  which  I entertain  no  doubt  whatever. 

“ I understand  that  the  representatives  of  all  the  South  American  republics  have  re- 
ferred and  recommended  this  subject  to  their  respective  Governments.” 

' BOLIVIA. 

Legation  of  Bolivia  in  the  United  States  of  America, 

Washington , December  4,  1886. 

Dear  Sir:  It  is  with  the  greatest  pleasure  that  I accept  the  invitation,  tendered 
me  by  you,  to  take  part  in  the  national  convention  which  is  to  meet  on  Tuesday  the 
7th  instant  at  Willard’s  Hall,  having  for  its  object  the  promotion  of  the  celebration 
of  the  centenary  of  the  proclamation  of  the  fundamental  law  of  the  United  States, 
in  which  for  the  first  time  was  comprehended  liberty  and  the  rights  of  man,  and 
those  democratic  institutions  that  the  Republic  proclaims  ; and  also  to  solemnize  the 
quadri -centenary  of  the  discovery  of  America,  which  means  the  birth  oftheNew  World 
before  the  history,  philosophy,  and  civilization  of  this  continent,  which  are  destined 
to  sway  greatly  the  future  of  the  human  race. 


43 


44  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


Permit  me  to  felicitate  the  Board  of  Promotion  upon  the  assured  projects  of  the 
expositions  proposed  and  referred  to  in  the  inclosures  accompanying  your  invitation; 
and  permit  me  the  honor  to  subscribe  myself 
Your  obedient  servant, 

C.  Corral. 


Mr.  Alex.  D.  Anderson, 

Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Promotion . 


MEXICO. 


Legacion  Mexicana, 
Washington , D.  C.,  June  14,  1888. 

Sir  : I am  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  9th  instant,  concerning  the  project,  now 
pending  in  the  United  States  Congress,  of  celebrating  the  four  hundredth  anniversary 
of  the  discovery  of  America  by  means  of  an  exposition  of  the  three  Americas,  to  be 
held  at  Washington. 

I have  the  honor  to  state  in  reply  that  I have  received  no  instructions  on  the  sub- 
ject from  the  Mexican  Government,  and  therefore  I do  not  know,  nor  can  I express  its 
opinion,  in  the  premises. 

The  idea  of  celebrating  this  same  event  by  means  of  an  universal  exposition  was 
held  out  at  the  City  of  Mexico  for  a short  time,  but  as  the  Spanish  Government  took 
the  lead  towards  celebrating  the  same  event  at  Madrid,  and  the  Board  of  Promotion 
at  Washington,  of  which  you  are  the  secretary,  suggested  the  idea  of  an  exposition 
of  the  three  Americas,  I suppose  that  the  project  entertained  by  Mexico  in  this 
matter  has  been  abandoned. 

The  Washington  plan  is,  as  yet,  as  you  are  well  aware,  only  a project,  and  although 
the  Board  of  Promotion,  to  which  you  belong,  has  charge  of  this  matter,  and  differ- 
ent bills  on  the  subject  have  been  introduced  in  both  Houses  of  the  United  States 
Congress,  no  legislative  action  has,  as  yet,  been  obtained. 

The  question  is  yet,  as  regards  the  United  States,  a domestic  one,  and  it  is  not, 
therefore,  proper  for  a foreign  government,  however  friendly  it  may  be  to  this 
country,  to  express  any  opinion  on  the  subject. 

I do  not,  however,  see  any  objection  to  state  to  you  that  the  discovery  of  America, 
which  dates  back  almost  four  centuries,  is,  in  my  judgment,  one  of  the  most  impor- 
tant and  transcendental  events  which  have  taken  place  during  the  Christian  era.  and 
that  the  efforts  of  the  American  nations  towards  celebrating  the  fourth  centennial  of 
their  advent  into  the  civilized  world  can  not  be  directed  to  a more  praiseworthy  ob- 
ject ; but  that  the  form  and  conditions  of  that  celebration  will  depend  upon  the  decis- 
ion of  the  legislative  power  of  the  American  nation  where  it  shall  take  place,  and 
upon  the  share  which  the  other  sister  countries  may  be  disposed  to  extend  to  the 
same. 


I am,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 


M.  Romero. 


Alexander  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary  of  the  National  Board  of  Promotion , eto. 


ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC. 

Argentine  Legation, 

Washington , January  27, 1888. 

Mr.  Secretary  : I have  received  your  attentive  circular,  inclosing  several  printed 
documents  and  bills  relative  to  the  celebration  in  1889  of  the  centennial  of  the  Con- 
stitution, and  in  1892  of  an  universal  exposition  and  a permanent  exhibition  of  the 
three  Americas. 

I will  give  an  official  account  of  it  all  to  my  Government,  which  will,  no  doubt,  con- 
sider with  due  attention  objects  of  such  general  interent ; but  I can  not  anticipate 
anything  without  the  previous  instructions  of  the  Government  which  I have  the 
honor  to  represent,  and  to  which  rightfully  appertains  the  decision  of  matters  con- 
cerning my  country. 

On  my  part  I see  with  interest  the  constancy  shown  in  the  labors  of  the  Board  of 
Promotion  concerning  said  celebration  and  I avail  myself  of  the  occasion  to  renew  to 
you  my  respectful  consideration. 

Vicente  G.  Quesada. 


Mr.  Alex.  D.  Anderson,  etc. 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS.  45 


CHILI. 


Legation  of  Chili, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  December  6,  188G. 

Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq. : 

I find  myself  really  sick,  and  it  will  therefore  be  impossible  for  me  to  take  part  in 
the  session  which  it  is  proposed  to  have  to-morrow  for  the  purpose  of  celebrating  the 
“national  convention  of  the  Exposition  Board  of  Promotion,”  to  which  you  have 
so  kindly  invitee!  me. 

You  may,  however,  rest  assured  that  I will,  with  lively  interest  therein,  transmit  to 
my  Government  everything  relating  to  the  development  of*  the  praiseworthy  objects 
undertaken  by  the  distinguished  gentlemen  who  have  organized  the  convention  in 
question.  I take  this  occasion  to  subscribe  myself, 

Your  obedient  servant, 


Doninigo  Gana. 


PERU. 


Lsgacion  del  Peru  en  los  Estados  Unidos  de  America, 

Washington,  June  18,  1888. 

Dear  Sir:  I beg  to  acknowledge  your  letter  of  the  16th  instant  and  sundry  inclo- 
sures, referring  to  a projected  permanent  exposition  of  the  Three  Americas,  at  this 
city,  in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America. 

I have  attentively  perused  your  interesting  papers  and  venture  to  assure  you  that 
my  Government  will  no  doubt  find  highly  compatible  with  the  national  interests  the 
realization  of  the  scheme  proposed.  As  far  as  I am  concerned  I will  at  once  forward 
to  Lima  all  the  information  you  have  furnished  me  on  the  subject,  as  the  most  prac- 
tical way  of  meeting  your  wishes  with  regard  to  the  promotion  of  this  important 
movement. 

I am,  sir,  yours  truly, 

F.  C.  C.  ZEGARRA 

Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Esq. 


COLOMBIA. 


Legacion  de  Colombia, 
Washington , June  18,  1888. 

Dear  Sir  : It  gives  me  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  I have  just  sent  a communica- 
tion to  my  Government  concerning  the  very  important  subject  referred  to  in  your 
letter  of  16th  instant. 

Very  respectfully, 

F.  Mutis  Duran. 


Mr.  Alex.  D.  Anderson, 

Secretary  National  Board  of  Promotion. 


SALVADOR. 


No.  1301  K Street  northwest, 

Washington,  D.  C .,  December  4,  1886. 

Dear  Sir  : I have  had  the  honor  of  receiving  your  invitation  to  attend  the  national 
convention  of  the  Exposition  Board  of  Promotion,  in  relation  of  the  centennial  cele- 
bration and  exposition  project,  which  convention  is  to  take  place  at  Willard’s  Hall 
next  Tuesday,  the  7th  instant. 

Already  I have  had  the  pain  of  expressing  to  you  verbally  the  motive  which  will 
deprive  me  of  the  pleasure  of  being  present,  but  you  and  your  worthy  associates  may 
rest  assured,  as  far  as  I am  concerned,  that  I shall  use  by  best  endeavors  to  the  end 
that  the  republic  which  I have  the  honor  to  represent  here  may  be  one  of  those  which 
will  take  part  in  celebrating  an  event  of  lasting  remembrance  and  of  great  veneration 
in  the  New  World ; an  event  which  sanctioned  the  political  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  of  North  America,  which  has  been  the  model  and  source  that  inspired  all  the 
other  republics  of  the  American  continent  to  elaborate  their  different  constitutions. 

To  celebrate  the  first  centennial  of  the  Constitution  which  has  made  this  century 
so  grand,  so  prosperous,  and  happy,  is  for  each  one  oi  the  [other  republics  the  same 
as  celebrating  their  own  work. 


46  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


I fed  confident  that  Salvador  will  he  present  in  the  exposition,  and  I shall  use  my 
best  elforts  to  accomplish  such  a happy  result,  as  well  as  that  she  also  takes  part  in 
the  world’s  exposition  of  1892. 

My  honorable  friend,  Senor  Don  Antonio  Soteldo,  the  illustrious  minister  of  Vene- 
zuela, has  made  the  kind  offer  to  present  this  letter  to  the  convention,  and  also  to 
interpret  my  sentiments  in  regard  to  these  matters,  which  he,  when  the  occasion  ar- 
rives, will  do  in  the  eloquent  and  cultivated  manner  that  so  distinguishes  him. 

I am,  sir,  with  great  respect,  your  obedient  servant, 

Miguel  Valas^o  y Valasco. 

Alexander  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Promotion,  Washington,  D.  C. 


GUATEMALA.. 

Legation  of  Guatemala  at  Washington, 

Washington,  January  28,  1888. 

Sir  : I have  had  the  pleasure  to  receive  your  esteemed  note  of  the  26th  instant  and 
the  interesting  documents  which  you  are  pleased  to  inclose  me  therewith,  and.  for 
which  I give  you  my  most  expressive  thanks. 

I will  forward  them  to  my  Government  by  the  first  mail,  and  I have  no  doubt  that 
this  matter  will  be  considered  in  due  time  with  the  interest  vouchsafed  by  the  deep 
sympathies  which  they  entertain  for  this  great  people. 

I will  do  on  my  part  all  I can  in  this  matter,  in  compliance  with  your  request  and 
in  furtherance  of  the  noble  purposes  which  you  intend  to  carry  out  so  efficiently. 

I am  your  attentive  and  sincere 'servant, 

Manuel  Montufar. 

Mr.  Alex.  D.  Anderson, 

Secretary  Board  of  Promotion . 


NICARAGUA. 

Legacion  de  la  Republica  de  Nicaragua, 

Washington,  D.  C.,  January  26,  1888. 

Dear  Sir:  Your  favor  of  the  26th  instant, referring  to  the  centennial^and  exposi- 
tion movement  for  1889  and  1892,  has  been  received  by  me.  I have  carefully  read  the 
inclosed  Senate  bills,  as  well  as  the  resolutions  of  national  and  international  conven- 
tions upon  the  subject,  and  I can  assure  you  that  I will  consider  it  a duty  as  well  as 
a pleasure  to  do  all  iu  my  power  to  promote  the  celebration  of  those  great  historical 
events  so  dear  to  all  true  Americans,  regardless  of  race  or  nationality. 

I am,  very  truly,  yours, 

H.  Guzman. 

Mr.  Alexander  D.  Anderson, 

Secretary  National  Board  of  Promotion. 


COSTA  RICA. 

Legation  of  Costa  Rica, 

Washington,  June  18,  1888. 

Sir  : I have  the  pleasure  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  the  communication  you 
were  pleased  to  address  to  this  legation,  under  date  of  the  16th  instant,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  informing  it  of  the  bill  for  the  celebration  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary 
of  the  discovery  of  America,  as  also  of  the  resolutions  adopted  by  the  national  conven- 
tions, and  the  commentaries  of  the  press  on  the  same  subject,  all  of  which  documents 
you  inclose  and  were  dike  wise  received  by  me. 

I will  inform  my  Government  on  the  first  opportunity  of  everything  relating  to  this 
matter,  and  I may  at  once  state  to  you  that  I do  not  entertain  the  least  doubt  but 
that  it  will  receive  with  the  enthusiasm  which  it  deserves  such  a patriotic  and  fruit- 
ful idea,  and  that  it  will  contribute  to  its  realization  within  the  sphere  of  its  powers. 

It  affords  me  pleasure  to  subscribe  myself  your  attentive  and  sincere  servant, 

Federico,  volio.  . 

Alex,  D.  Anderson,  Esq., 

Secretary  National  Board  of  Promotion. 


XI 


EXTRACTS  FROM  PRESS  COMMENTS. 

The  following  extracts  from  lengthy  editorials  on  the  bills  introduced  in  Congress 
in  behalf  of  the  National  Board  of  Promotion,  providing,  respectively,  for  a Constitu- 
tional Centennial  Celebration  at  the  national  capital  in  1889,  and  a Three  Americas 
and  World’s  Exposition  in  1892,  in  honor  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  dis- 
covery of  America  by  Columbus,  will  be  of  general  interest : 

[Philadelphia  Record.] 

The  movement  is  patriotic  and  dignified,  and  appeals  to  our  pride  as  well  as  to  our 
self-interest  in  American  history,  institutions,  and  progre&s. 

[Baltimore  Sun.J 

Spain  has  already  announced  her  approval  of  the  project  and  intention  to  invite 
all  the  nations  of  Spanish  America  to  take  part  in  a celebration  of  Columbus’s  great 
exploit,  while  in  the  United  States,  judging  from  the  resolutions  already  adopted  in 
favor  of  it  by  many  influential  bodies  of  citizens,  there  would  seem  to  be  no  doubt  of 
a general  desire  to  see  both  these  celebrations  carried  into  effect. 

[Evening  Press,  Greenshurgh,  Pa.] 

Congress  is  making  a move  to  celebrate  these  coming  centennials  on  a becoming 
scale  of  grandeur.  The  events  they  celebrate  are  worthy  of  the  most  magnificent 
commemoration  the  world  has  ever  seen. 

[Albany  Times.] 

In  the  celebration  of  no  other  event  of  the  world’s  history  can  the  people  of  South 
America  join  with  those  of  the  northern  continent  on  common  ground  so  well  as  this. 
Such  a celebration  will  not  only  stir  the  patriotism  of  the  Americans,  and  create  in 
their  minds  au  abiding  respect  for  the  wise  and  heroic  founders  of  the  Republic,  and 
a deeper  admiration  of  the  Constitution,  which  is  the  foundation  of  our  Government, 
with  a determination  to  defend  its  principles  in  all  their  purity,  but  will  bring  to- 
gether in  mutual  accord  and  respect,  as  they  never  have  been  brought  together  be- 
fore, the  Anglo-Americans  and  the  Spanish-Americans. 

[Boston  Evening  Record.] 

Apart  from  the  patriotic  effectiveness  of  the  plan,  and  separate  from  the  immense 
advantages  of  thus  emphasizing  the  Monroe  doctrine  before  the  world,  stand  thegreat 
commercial  possibilities  of  such  an  exposition.  South  America  and  Central  America 
would  reap  a harvest  of  recognition  and  open  new  avenues  of  export  for  their  riches, 
and  North  America  would  have  her  trading  instincts  stimulated  to  a degree  that 
would  add  wealth  to  her  coffers  and  honor  to  her  merchants  and  statesmen.  Chris- 
topher Columbus  shall  have  such  an  anniversary  as  it  has  not  entered  into  the  minds 
of  expositors  to  conceive. 

[Daily  News,  Moorhead,  Minns.] 

The  schemes  are  very  broad  ones,  and  are  calculated  to  enlist  the  pride  and  pat- 
riotism of  the  people  of  this  country,  which  should  take  the  initiative  in  adopting 
measures  to  celebrate  with  appropriate  ceremonies  and  forms  these  great  historical 
events. 

[Trenton  (N.  J.)  Times.] 

The  successful  accomplishment  of  these  enterprises  will  not  only  tend  to  strengthen 
the  fraternal  relations  of  the  sister  American  nations,  but  will  also  bring  about  recip- 
rocal international  development  and  commerce. 


47 


48  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


In  the  language  of  the  resolutions  of  the  American  Association  of  Agricultural  Col- 
leges on  this  subject,  “ all  American  patriots  should  join  in  making  these  celebrations 
worthy  of  the  dignity,  grandeur,  and  wealth  of  the  western  hemisphere.” 

[Jackson  Weekly  Patriot,  Jackson,  Mich.J 

Instead  of  spending  millions  of  dollars  for  worse  than  useless  ships  and  other  im- 
plements of  war  to  kill  people  and  destroy  property,  how  much  worthier  of  a Chris- 
tian people  would  it  be  to  devote  the  money  to  such  ennobling  enterprises.  And,  as 
the  foremost  American  nation,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  United  States  to  take  the  initi- 
ative in  commemorating  these  great  historical  events  and  in  establishing  a perma- 
nent exposition  at  our  national  capital  for  this  hemisphere. 

[Macon  (Ga.)  Telegraph.  1 

There  is  little  doubt  that  Mexico  and  the  countries  of  Central  and  South  America 
will  enter  heartily  into  the  proposed  exposition.  If  general  and  liberal  co-operation 
can  be  secured  the  exhibition  at  Washington  in  1892  will  be  the  largest  and  grandest 
enterprise  of  the  kind  ever  known. 

[Harrisburg  Independent.  J 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  Congress  will  make  no  delay  in  doing  what  is  expected  of  it 
in  this  connection,  for  the  bulk  of  the  work  and  money  required  for  it  must  necessarily 
come  from  the  people  of  the  United  States,  and  therefore  needs  no  special  advocacy 
from  the  press  of  the  country.  The  people  will  indorse  whatever  Congress  does  of  a 
liberal  character  for  this  purpose. 

[Richmond  Whig.] 

Many  organizations  in  this  country  have  already  passed  resolutions  indorsing  both 
celebrations,  and  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that  they  will  be  successfully  carried 
into  effect.  The  World’s  Exposition  in  1892  will  no  doubt  surpass  the  centennial  of 
1876. 

[Times,  Norristown,  Pa.| 

The  event  which  is  thus  to  be  celebrated  will  never  be  forgotten.  Columbus  will 
never  be  forgotten.  The  celebration  on  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  th  e-dis- 
covery of  America  should  be  on  the  grandest  scale  possible,  and  no  doubt  it  will  be. 

[Portsmouth  Leader,  Portsmouth  N.  Y.] 

If  this  great  international  enterprise  should  be  carried  to  a successful  issue,  it  will 
be  the  grandest  art,  industrial,  and  historical  exposition  of  the  world,  eclipsing  even 
the  glory  and  the  grandeur  of  the  great  centennial  exposition,  which  has  been  en- 
shrined in  history  as  the  proudest  peaceful  achievement  of  the  greatest  of  republics. 
Its  greatest  advantage  over  the  centennial  would  be  its  permanency  ; and  another 
advantage  would  be  the  joint  undertaking  not  of  one  nation,  but  of  several. 

[Daily  Light,  San.  Antonio,  Texas.] 

Our  own  pride  in  all  that  is  truly  American  should  stimulate  us  as  a people  aDd  as 
States  and  Territories  of  this  grandest  of  all  republics — the  American  nation — to  take 
a foremost  step  in  making  these  celebrations  pre-eminently  successful. 

[Baltimore  Herald.] 

To  think  of  the  proposed  plans  must  fill  the  mind  of  every  patriotic  citizep  with 
pride.  Those  who  live  to  see  them  completed  will  have  perhaps  a better  right  than 
now  to  say,  “ This  is  a great  country.” 

[Colorado  Springs  Gazette.] 

The  idea  is  a good  one.  The  American  States  can  all  prepare  an  exhibit  which  will 
show  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  western  hemisphere, 


XII. 


ACTION  OF  THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  SPAIN 

The  recent  action  of  the  Government  of  Spain  on  the  subject  of  the  coming  anni- 
versary will  be  of  peculiar  interest  and  value  in  connection  with  the  proposed  bill. 
We  reproduce  it  in  full  from  the  columns  of  the  New  York  Independent. 


To  the  Editor  of  The  Independent  : 

At  my  last -audience  with  her  Majesty  the  Queen  Regent  of  Spain,  I took  the  liberty 
of  mentioning  the  increasing  interest  wrhich  the  people  of  the  United  States  are  tak- 
ing in  the  proposed  international  celebration  of  the  discovery  of  America.  She  was 
prompt,  sympathetic,  and  cordial  in  her  response,  repeated  the  expressions  of  interest 
which  had  been  made  to  Mr.  Bowen  by  the  late  King,  and  said  she  would  cheerfully 
give  what  aid  she  could  to  an  enterprise  so  proper  and  so  adapted  to  bring  all  the 
countries  represented  into  closer  and  more  fraternal  relations. 

Acting  on  Her  Majesty’s  suggestion  to  confer  with  Mr.  Moret,  the  distinguished 
minister  of  state,  I addressed  to  him  a letter,  personal  and  unofficial,  and  I have 
pleasure  in  inclosing  a translation  of  his  reply. 

Yours,  truly, 

J.  L.  M.  Curry. 

Madrid,  July  15,  1887. 


To  His  Excellency,  J.  L.  M.  Curry  : 

My  Dear  Sir  and  Distinguished  Friend:  In  reply  to  the  kind  letter  of  the  4th 
instant,  which  you  were  good  enough  to  address  to  me,  I take  pleasure  in  informing 
you  that  the  Government  has  for  some  time  been  engaged  in  preparing  the  means 
for  celebrating,  in  a manner  worthy  of  its  importance,  the  fourth  centenary  of  the 
discovery  of  America.  For  this  purpose  the  council  of  ministers  has  already  exam- 
ined the  question  on  different  occasions,  and  I,  in  its  name,  have  consulted  with  the 
Duke  of  Yeragua — the  heir  and  most  legitimate  representative  of  the  glorious  navi- 
gator— as  to  the  means  most  adequate  for  this  object.  These  have  not  yet  been  defi- 
nitely determined  upon,  for  which  reason  I reserve  the  communication  of  the  pro- 
gramme of  the  festival;  but  I can  announce  the  following  decisions: 

(1)  That  Spain  will  take  the  initiative  in  celebrating  in  the  most  solemn  manner 
the  centenary  of  the  discovery  of  America  in  the  year  1492 ; 

(2)  That  for  this  purpose  it  will  invite  all  the  nations  who  people  the  territories 
discovered  by  Columbus  to  take  part  in  the  celebration ; and 

(3)  That  Spain  is  ready  at  the  same  time  to  take  part  in  any  other  celebration  and 
solemnity  which  may  be  undertaken  on  the  American  continent  to  commemorate  the 
great  event. 

I hope  this  reply  will  completely  satisfy  the  inquiries  which  you  have  been  good 
enough  to  make,  andeuable  you'to  inform  your  Government  and  all  interested  in  the 
matter  as  to  the  purposes  and  decisions  of  Spain. 

I gladly  avail  myself  of  this  occasion  to  repeat  myself  your  affectionate  friend, 

S.  Moret. 

Madrid,  July  15,  1887. 


“May  it  please  Your  Majesty : Since  it  meets  with  general  favor  and  the  cus- 
tom is  established  of  rendering  a tribute  of  worship  to  heroes  by  holding  magnificent 
centennial  festivals,  the  idea  occurred  to  the  minds  of  many  Spaniards  of  dedicating 
one  of  these  festivals  to  the  extraordinary  man  whose  glory  redounds  chiefly  upon 
Spain,  and  is  likewise  an  honor  to  all  other  nations  that  partake  in  the  benefits  of 
the  New  World,  whereon  European  civilization  triumphantly  expands.  It  is  not  to 
be  wondered  at,  then,  that  on  the  approach  of  the  fourth  pentennial  of  the  discovery 
of  America  the  wish  to  celebrate  it  should  be  cherished  with  profound  gratitude  by 


H.  Bep.  2601 4 


49 


50  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


the  first  colonizing  countries  and  those  sprung  afterward  from  their  prosperous  and 
flourishing  settlements.  Nor  is  it  strange  that  all  these  countries,  including  the 
powerful  republic  of  British  origin,  should  do  justice  to  Spain,  acknowledging  her 
right  to  take  the  lead  and  occupy  the  foremost  place  in  the  solemn  commemoration 
by  which  the  great  navigator  is  to  be  honored.  Italy  may  boast  of  having  given 
him  birth  ; Spain  adopted  him  as  a son,  and  provided  him  with  resources  and  com- 
panions and  successors  capable  of  carrying  his  enterprise  to  it3  fulfillment. 

“Moved  by  these  reasons,  the  Spanish  Government,  believing  the  moment  to  be  at 
hand,  prepares  to  solemnize  the  centennial.  And  although  it  will  appoint  a commit- 
tee fully  empowered  for  the  purpose,  it  deems  that  there  are  some  features  in  said 
celebration  which  must  be  left  to  the  Government’s  care ; but  we  must  secure  the  co- 
operation of  Portugal,  the  country  that  inspired  a sentiment  of  emulation  in  Spain, 
and  lent  her  an  aid  by  her  Sagres  school,  the  home  of  astronomers  and  mariners,  and 
by  the  Gamas,  Cabrals,  and  Magellans  who  revealed  the  ocean’s  secrets,  increased  our 
knowledge  of  all  created  things,  circumnavigated  Africa,  penetrated  the  far  east, 
visited  with  us  the  islands  of  the  Sea  of  Light,  and  circumnavigating  the  world  in 
which  we  live. 

“Portugal,  having  been  approached  on  the  subject,  is  found  to  favor  the  same. 
This  Government,  therefore,  considering  that  there  is  no  time  to  be  lost  from  now  till 
1892,  to  insure  the  success  of  the  project,  will  forthwith  invite  the  Lusitanian  King- 
dom, as  well  as  the  Spanish- American  republics  and  the  Empire  of  Brazil,  to  an  ex- 
position to  be  opened  at  this  capital. 

“ This  exposition  will  be  divded  into  two  parts,  and  its  unique  end  will  be  to  give 
the  world  an  idea  of  what  America  was  four  centuries  ago,  and  what  it  is  at  present. 

“A  part  of  this  exposition  will  present  to  the  eye  all  that  remains  and  can  be  gath- 
ered showing  the  several  degrees  of  culture  possessed  by  the  natives  at  the  time  Span- 
iards and  Portuguese  first  set  foot  in  America,  as  well  as  the  monuments  and  memen- 
toes of  ancient  and  then  extinct  civilizations — types  of  different' human  races,  images 
of  gods,  religious  symbols ; arms,  vestments,  jewels,  and  uteusils  for  the  embellish- 
ment and  comfort  of  their  abodes  ; agricultural  implements,  manufactures,  means  of 
locomotion,  metals  and  stones,  rich  products  of  the  Fauna  and  Flora,  remaining  un- 
seen to  European  eyes  until  Columbus  and  the  Spaniards  revealed  their  existence; 
all  of  which  will  form  a picture  reviving  the  memory  of  the  great  discovery.  Side  by 
side,  i n opposition  to  this,  and  for  the  glory  of  those  who  there  transplanted  European 
civilization  and  the  peoples  who,  springing  from  them,  have  made  civilization  flour- 
ish, the  present  state  of  Neo-Latin  America  shall  bo  represented  by  the  works  of  their 
illustrious  men.  Statesmen,  men  of  letters,  artists,  inventors,  agriculturists,  and 
scholars  will  exhibit  to  their  great  credit  what  those  nationalities  have  come  to  be, 
in  spite  of  wars  and  late  misfortunes.  Thus  the  exposition  will  be  not  only  a faithful 
representation  of  the  past,  but  also  a testimony  and  a token  of  the  future  anticipated 
by  those  young  peoples,  rapidly  advancing,  and  striving  to  elevate  themselves  to  the 
degree  of  prosperity  and  greatness  achieved  by  that  powerful  nation  of  a different 
race  which  has  grown  up  on  the  same  continent,  and  to  the  degree  of  progress  of 
which  the  old  European  peoples  are  justly  proud. 

“It  would  be  useless  to  undertake  this  grand  exhibition  if  Spain,  at  this  very  mo- 
ment, should  not  be  aided  by  Portugal  and  the  American  peoples,  and  if  we,  on  our 
part,  should  not  do  everything  required  in  so  glorious  a project.  Therefore,  the  Gov- 
ernment will  send  a special  committee  to  visit  the  American  States  of  Spanish  and 
Portuguese  origin,  and  urge  them  to  come  to  the  exposition,  assuring  them  through 
our  diplomatic  agents  of  the  ardent  desire  cherished  by  Spain  that  all  these  nations 
should  repew  their  bonds  of  friendship  upon  this  solemn  anniversary,  which  is  to 
commemorate  the  life  and  name  of  that  genius  who  was  the  providential  instrument 
to  discover  for  them  a land  wherein  they  could  live. 

“ But  the  great  festival  in  honor  of  Columbus  is  not  to  be  limited  exclusively  to 
the  exposition.  It  is  also  necessary  to  indicate  and  encourage  all  the  individual  in- 
spiration, enthusiasm,  historical  remembrances,  and  sympathies  which  others  may 
have  suggested  or  will  in  future  suggest,  ths>t  the  festival  be  the  more  worthy  of  its 
purpose.  And  as  this  Government  considers  that  its  facilities  do,  not  come  up  to  the 
requirements  of  so  vast  a plan  and  purpose,  it  deems  it  its  duty  to  confide  everything 
to  a committee  who,  by  their  position,  merits,  and  learning,  shall  represent  the  high- 
est social  elements  and  be  capable  of  achieving  the  desired  result.  It  is  plain  that 
Spain,  numbering  luckily  among  her  sons  the  most  direct  descendant  of  the  immortal 
discoverer,  must  naturally  confer  upon  him  the  task  of  aiding  the  committee  in  its 
work,  and  the  right  of  occupying  a prominent  place  in  the  same  and  lending  to  it  the 
prestige  associated  with  the  name  he  inherits,  to  the  glory  of  which  this  celebration 
is  undertaken. 

i 1 The  committee  shall  not  be  large,  as  this  would  make  its  meetings  difficult  and 
interfere  with  its  activity  ; but  it  shall  be  empowered  as  the  center  and  nucleus  to 
charge  different  subcommittees  with  the  organization  or  execution  of  such  details  of 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS.  51 


the  programme  ad  it  deems  proper,  devising  in  itself  the  whole  scheme  and  giving  to 
it  the  unity  which  is  indispensable  for  the  success  of  the  enterprise. 

“For  all  these  reasons,  the  undersigned  minister  has  the  honor  to  submit  to  your 
majesty’s  pleasure  the  following  royal  decrees. 

“May  it  please  your  majesty, 

“PrXxedes  Mateo  Sagasta. 


“Madrid,  February  28, 1888.” 


The  following  are  the  royal  decrees : 

In  consideration  of  the  reasons  set  forth  by  the  president  of  the  council  of  minis- 
ters, I the  Queen  Regent  of  the  Kingdom,  in  behalf  of  my  gracious  son,  the  King, 
Don  Alfonso  XIII,  do  hereby  decree  as  follows : 

Art.  1.  To  commemorate  the  fourth  centennial  of  the  discovery  of  America,  and  to 
do  honor  to  the  memory  of  Christopher  Columbus,  an  exposition  shall  be  prepared, 
to  take  place  in  the  year  1892,  to  which  the  Governments  of  Portugal  and  Latin 
America  shall  be  invited. 

Art.  2.  The  object  of  said  exposition  is  to  present,  in  as  complete  a manner  as 
possible,  the  condition  in  which  the  peoples  of  America  were  at  the  time  of  the  dis- 
covery, gathering  for  that  purpose  such  exhibits  as  may  convey  an  idea  as  to  the  state 
of  their  civilization  as  well  as  that  of  the  races  inhabiting  the  American  continent  at 
the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century,  and,  moreover,  to  exhibit  separately  all  the  artistic, 
scientific,  and  industrial  products,  showing  the  present  culture  of  the  Latin- American 
peoples. 

Art.  3.  A special  committee,  to  be  taken  to  South  America  in  a war-ship  of  the 
state,  shall  be  charged  with  making  arrangements  for  the  exposition  uuder  the  su- 
pervision of  the  Spanish  diplomatic  representatives  in  the  several  American  States. 

Art.  4.  To  defray  the  necessary  expenses  caused  by  the  centennial  celebration,  the 
Government  shall  include  in  each  of  the  next  five  budgets  to  be  submitted  successively 
to  the  cortes  an  appropriation  of  500,000 pesetas  exclusively  devoted  to  the  expenses 
of  the  celebration.  This  appropriation  is  to  be  declared  permanent  up  to  June  30, 
1893,  and  the  sums  remaining  unexpended  at  the  end  of  each  civil  year  shall  be  kept 
in  the  treasury  until  that  date. 

Art.  5.  The  ministers  of  state,  colonies,  war,  and  marine  are  hereby  directed  to  at- 
tend to  the  execution  of  this  decree  in  the  parts  corresponding  to  their  respective  de- 
partments. 

Done  in  the  royal  palace  on  the  28th  day  of  February,  1888. 

Maria  Cristina. 

PrXxedes  Mateo  Sagasta, 

The  President  of  the  Council  of  Ministers. 


Considering  the  reasons  set  forth  by  the  president  of  the  council  of  ministers,  I,  the 
Queen  Regent  of  the  Kingdom,  in  behalf  of  my  gracious  son,  the  King  Don  Alfonso 
XIII,  do  hereby  decree  as  follows : 

Article  1.  To  prepare  the  festival  with  which  the  fourth  centennial  of  the  discovery 
of  America  is  to  be  celebrated,  and  in  order  not  only  to  clothe  it  with  such  solemnity 
and  grandeur  as  the  case  requires,  but  also  to  satisfy  the  aspirations  and  requirements 
of  the  several  nations  and  peoples  interested  iu  said  commemoration,  a committee  is 
hereby  appointed  which  shall  be  charged  with  the  preparation  of  the  programme  of 
the  celebration. 

Art.  2.  The  committee  shall  be  fully  empowered. 

(1)  To  organize  on  its  own  account,  to  prepare  and  submit  to  the  Government  the 
programme  of  the  festivals  to  commemorate  the  discovery  of  America. 

(2)  To  create  outside  of  its  own  membership,  if  necessary,  subcommittees,  and 
charge  them  with  the  task  of  developing  and  executing  the  programme  or  any  part  of 
the  same  which  may  be  deemed  proper.  In  this  case  the  committee  shall  submit  to 
the  Government  the  names  of  such  appointees  as  are  not  members  of  the  committee. 

(3)  To  submit  to  the  Government  such  measures  as  may  be  deemed  proper  for  the 
best  and  most  complete  fulfillment  of  its  commission. 

(4)  To  invite  all  such  corporations  or  individuals  as  it  may  deem  necessary  for  the 
purposes  of  association  in  furnishing  the  means  and  devising  the  methods  necessary 
for  giving  to  the  celebration  the  greatest  solemnity. 

(5)  To  appeal  to  the  chief  of  the  Government  or  the  ministers,  chiefs  of  the  several 
departments,  soliciting  their  support  and  co-operation. 

(6)  To  organize  in  such  capitals  of  provinces  as  it  may  be  deemed  proper,  branches 


52  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


containing  as  many  of  tlie  popular  elements  as  possible,  to  co-operate  in  the  labors  of 
the  committee. 

Art.  3.  The  committee  may  deliberate  whenever  two-thirds  of  its  members  and  the 
chairman  or  assistant  chairman  are  present. 

Done  in  the  royal  palace,  on  the  28th  day  of  February,  in  the  year  1888. 

Maria  Cristina. 

Praxedes  Mateo  Sagasta, 

The  President  of  the  Council  of  Ministers . 


Considering  the  reasons  set  forth  by  the  president  of  the  council  of  ministers,  l, 
the  Queen  Regent  of  the  Kingdom,  in  behalf  of  my  gracious  son,  the  King  Alfonso  XIII, 
do  hereby  decree  as  follows : 

Article  1.  The  committee  referred  to  in  the  royal  decree  of  this  date  shall  consist 
of  the  following  members : The  actual  president  of  the  council  of  ministers,  as  chair- 
man; one  assistant  chairman  and  two  secretaries  appointed  by  the  Government,  and 
as  many  members  as  may  be  included  from  the  designation  of  the  following  persons  : 

First.  The  presidents  of  tBe  Royal  Academies  of  History,  Language,  Fine  Arts  of  San 
Fernando,  Moral  and  Political  Sciences,  Natural  and  Exact  Sciences,  and  two  mem- 
bers of  each  to  be  nominated  by  the  same. 

Second.  The  admiral  of  the  Spanish  naval  forces,  and  four  other  officers  of  the  differ- 
ent classes  in  the  navy. 

Third.  The  captains-general  of  the  army  and  eight  other  officers  of  the  several 
classes  in  representation  of  the  same. 

Fourth.  The  archbishop  of  Toledo  and  four  dignataries  of  the  Spanish  Church. 

Fifth.  The  president  and  four  members  of  the  council  of  State. 

Sixth.  The  president  of  the  supreme  court  and  four  Spanish  magistrates. 

Seventh.  The  president  and  two  members  of  the  council  for  the  colonies. 

Eighth.  The  presidents  of  the  chambers  of  commerce  in  Madrid,  Barcelona,  and 
Huelva. 

Ninth.  The  president  of  the  Geographical  Society. 

Done  in  the  royal  palace  on  the  28th  of  February,  1888. 

Marla  Cristina. 


PrLxedes  Mateo  Sagasta, 

The  President  of  the  Council  of  Ministers. 


Considering  the  reasons  set  forth  by  the  president  of  the  council  of  ministers,  I, 
the  Queen  Regent  of  the  Kingdom,  in  behalf  of  my  gracious  son,  the  King  Don  Alfonso 
XIII,  do  hereby  appoint  don  Cristdbal  Colon  y de  la  Cerda,  Duke  of  Veragua,  as 
assistant  chairman  of  the  committee  created  to  prepare  the  celebration  of  the  cen- 
tennial of  Christopher  Columbus,  and  as  secretaries,  Senors  Don  Juan  Valera  and 
D3ft  Juan  Faumdo  Riano. 

Done  in  the  royal  palace  on  the  28th  of  February,  1888. 

Maria  Cristina. 

PrIxedes  Mateo  Sagasta, 

The  President  of  the  Council  of  Ministers. 


xm 


LIST  OF  OFFICERS  AND  MEMBERS  OF  THE  NATIONAL  BOARD  OF  PRO- 
MOTION. 


OFFICERS. 

% 

President : William  Claflin,  Massachusetts. 

Vice-Presidents:  A.  A.  Ames,  Minnesota ; E.  John  Ellis,  Louisiana ; 
Amor  Smith,  Ohio;  Charles  D.  Fisher,  Maryland;  A.  R.  Little, 
Pennsylvania;  A.  P.  Williams,  California. 

Chairman  Executive  Committee:  William  B.  Webb,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Treasurer  : E.  Kurtz  Johnson,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Secretary : Alex.  D.  Anderson,  Washington,  D.  C. 

MEMBERS. 

The  following  list  of  members,  representing  all  of  the  States  and  Territories  of  the 
Union,  have  by  formal  letters  (received  during  the  past  two  years)  accepted  member- 
ship in  the  Board  of  Promotion,  cordially  indorsed  the  centennial  and  exposition 
movement,  and  promised  their  co-operation. 

The  list  includes  the  governors  of  38  States  and  Territories,  the  mayors  of  53  lead- 
ing cities,  155  presidents  and  secretaries  of  boards  of  trade  and  other  commercial  or- 
ganizations throughout  the  United  States,  the  masters  and  secretaries  of  many  State 
and  Territorial  grauges,  the  officers  of  several  State  agricultural  societies,  and  the 
regent  and  many  of  the  vice^regents  of  the  Mount  Yernon  Ladies’  Association  of  the 
Union. 

Alabama. — T.  G.  Bush,  president  Mobile  Chamber  of  Commerce  ; A.  Pope  St.  John, 
secretary  Mobile  Chamber  of  Commerce ; R.  H.  Bolling,  superintendent  Mobile  Cot- 
ton Exchange  ; H.  Hawkins,  master  State  Grange  ; Florence  Gilmer,  secretary  State 
Grange  ; Thomas  J.  Key,  secretary  State  Agricultural  Society, 

Alaska. — A.  P.  Swineford,  governor  of  Alaska. 

Arizona. — C.  Meyer  Zulick,  governor  of  Arizona;  G.  W.  Johnson,  secretary  Arizona 
Industrial  Exposition  Association. 

Arkansas. — Simon  P.  Hughes,  governor  of  Arkansas;  J.  O.  Bagnell,  secretary  Hel- 
ena Chamber  of  Commerce. 

California. — George  Stoneman,  governor  of  California  ; H.  L.  Dodge,  president  San 
Francisco  Chamber  of  Commerce;  Eugene  Germain,  president  Los  Angeles  Produce 
Exchange;  E.  L.  Stern,  president  Los  Angeles  Board  of  Trade;  A.  M.  Lawrence,  sec- 
retary Los  Angeles  Board  of  Trade. 

Colorado. — Josiah  Hughes,  president  Pueblo  Board  of  Trade. 

Connecticut. — Phineas  C.  Lounsbury,  governor  of  Connecticut ; Henry  B.  Harrison, 
governor  of  Connecticnt ; M.  G.  Buikeley,  mayor  of  Hartford ; George  F,  Holcomb, 
mayor  of  New  Haven;  James  D.  De well,  president  New  Haven  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce; T.  Atwater  Barnes,  secretary  New  Haven  Chamber  of  Commerce ; Civilion 
Fones,  mayor  of  Bridgeport ; H.  I.  Boughton,  mayor  of  Waterbury ; Charles  H.  S. 
Davis,  mayor  of  Meriden  ; Arthur  Sikes,  secretary  State  Grange ; T.  S.  Gold,  secre- 
tary State  Board  of  Agriculture. 

Dakota. — Louis  K.  Church,  governor  of  Dakota ; Gilbert  A.  Pierce,  governor  of 
Dakota;  W.  F.  T.  Bushnell,  secretary  Territorial  Farmer’s  Alliance  and  Dakota 
Board  of  Agriculture  ; W.  R.  Bierly,  secretary  Grand  Forks  Chamber  of  Commerce  , 
H.  P.  Rucker,  president  North  Dakota  Agricultural  Exposition  ; W.  T.  Collins,  secre- 
tary North  Dakota  Agricultural  Exposition. 

Delaware. — B.  T.  Biggs,  governor  of  Delaware ; C.  B.  Rhoads,  mayor  of  Wilming- 
ton ; Margaret  A.  Comegys,  vice-regent  for  Delaware  of  Mount  Vernon  Association  ; 
M.  Hayes,  secretary  State  Board  of  Agriculture;  William  B,  Records,  secretary  of 
State  Grange.  . 


53 


54 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


District  of  Columbia. — Lewis  Abraham,  Alex.  D.  Anderson,  George  A.  Armes,  J.  A. 
Baker,  James  L.  Barbour,  W.  A.  .Bartlett,  J.  E.  Beall,  W.  W.  Belknap,  J.  C.  Black,  L. 

L.  Blake,  R.  J.  Bright,  L.  S.  Brown,  Horatio  Browning,  S.  S.  Burdett,  I.  N.  Burritt, 
J.  W.  Carson,  John  Chamberlain,  Jeff.  Chandler,  C.  B.  Church,  J.  Q.  Chenoweth, 
W.  E.  Clark,  I.  Edwards  Clark,  N.  J.  Colman,  H.  L.  Cranford,  F.  B.  Conger,  W.  H. 
Crosby,  Fred.  Douglass,  E.  G.  Davis,  H.  G.  Dulanv,  G.  W.  Dyer,  W.  C.  Dodge,  C.  C. 
Duncanson,  E.  John  Ellis,  Reginald  Fendall,  R.  I.  Fleming,  Ed.  B.  Fox,  E.  W.  Fox,  R. 
C.  Fox,  George  C.  Gorham,  Lawrence  Gardner,  A.  W.  Greely,  W.  R.  Herbert,  J.  J.  S. 
Hassler,  Charles S.  Hill,  W.  S.  Hoge,  Arch.  Hopkins,  Stilson  Hutchins,  Walter  S.  Hutch- 
ins, E.  Kurtz  Johnson,  Hallet  Kiibourn,  Harry  King,  J.  P.  Klingle,  R.  A.  King,  C.  C. 
Lancaster,  G.  E.  Lemon,  C.  P.  Lincoln,  R.  B.  Lines,  James  Lipseombe,  George  B. 
Loring,  Thomas  J.  Luttrell,  W.  A.  Leonard,  W.  J.  Lampton,  F.  P.  Madigan,  J.  H.  Ma- 
gruder,  J.  D.  McChesney,  Jos.  C.  McKibbin,  D.  A.  McKnight,  W.  A.  Meloy,  H.  D.  Money, 

M.  V.  Montgomery,  M.  F.  Morris,  A.  B.  Mullett,  T.  G.  Morrow,  J.  S.  Miller,  W..G.  Moore, 
Garrick  Mallory,  J.  P.  Newn3an,  Samuel  Norment,  C.  S.  Noyes,  F.  B.  Noyes,  T.  W. 
Noyes,  J.  D.  O’Connell,  Albert  Grdway,  N.  G.  Ordway,  Horace  F.  Page,  Robert  A. 
Parke,  M.  M.  Parker,  Philip  Pendleton,  R.  Ross  Perry,  J.  W.  Powell,  F.  B.  Power,  J. 
Y.  Potts,  Green  B.  Raum,  F.  A.  Richardson,  Cuthbert  W.  Ridley,  T.  E.  Roessle,  J.  W. 
Ross,  William  Saunders,  C.  W.  Spofford,  W.  H.  Selden,  C.  M.  Shelly,  Z.  T.  Sowers, 
A.  R.  Spofford,  O.  G.  Staples,  S.  T.  Suit,  B.  Sunderland,  W.  F.  Switzler,  R.  H.  Sylves- 
ter, Richard  Sylvester,  Charles  Thompson,  jr.,  Philip  B.  Thompson,  W.  S.  Thompson, 
J.  W.  Thompson,  J.  M.  Toner,  J.  B.  Trainer,  John  Trimble,  George  Truesdell,  Beverly 
Tucker,  M.  Trimble,  H.  K.  Yeile,  T.  S.  Verdi,  W.  B.  Webb,  H.  K.  Wilard,  C.  C.  Willard, 
Jesse  B.  Wilson,  J.  O.  Wilson,  T.  E.  Waggamau,  W.  B.  Webb,  H.  L.  West,  H.  A. 
Willard,  R.  H.  Wiliet,  Simon  Wolf,  Levi  Woodbury,  S.  W.  Woodward,  Carrol  D. 
Wright,  Marcus  J.  Wright,  J.  V.  Wright,  A.  S.  Worthington,  James  T.  Wormley, 
E.  B.  Youmans. 

Florida. — E.  A.  Perry,  governor  of  Florida ; J.  J.  Daniel,  president  Jacksonville 
Board  of  Trade;  James  M.  Fairlie,  secretary  Jacksonville  Board  of  Trade;  L.  M. 
Merritt,  president  Pensacola  Board  of  Trade  ; Thomas  C.  Watson,  secretary  Pensa- 
cola Board  of  Trade;  JohnQ.  Burbridge,  president  Florida  State  Park  Association; 
James  M.  Fairlie,  secretary  Florida  State  Park  Association. 

Georgia. — John  B.  Gordon,  governor  of  Georgia;  Philoclea  E.  Eve,  vice-regent  for 
Georgia  of  Mount  Vernon  Association;  George  Hillyer,  mayor  of  Atlanta;  Robert  J. 
Lowry,  president  Atlanta  Chamber  of  Commerce ; M.  M.  Welch,  secretary  Atlanta 
Chamber  of  Commerce;  Fred.  M.  Hull,  president  Savannah  Board  of  Trade;  E C. 
Grier,  secretary  State  Agricultural  Society;  E.  Taylor,  secretary  Georgia  State 
Grange.  ' 

Idaho. — Edward  A.  Stevenson,  governor  of  Idaho. 

Illinois. — Perley  Lowe,  president  Chicago  Lumberman’s  Exchange;  George  W. 
Hotchkiss,  secretary  Chicago  Lumberman’s  Exchange;  Samuel  B.  Raymond,  presi- 
dent Chicago  Commercial  Exchange;  W.  S.  Knight,  secretary  Chicago  Commercial 
Exchange;  George  W.  Linn,  president  Chicago  Produce  Exchange;  R.  P.  McGiincy, 
secretary  Elgin  Board  of  Trade;  J.  Parkhurst,  mayor  of  Quincy;  Thomas  Keady, 
secretary  State  Grange  ; Lewis  B.  Thomas,  mayor  of  Bloomington. 

Indiana. — Silas  T.  Bowen,  president  Indianapolis  Board  of  Trade ; Caleb  S.  Denny, 
mayor  of  Indianapolis;  Charles  F.  Muhler,  mayor  of  Fort  Wayne;  Milton  Trusler, 
master  State  Grange ; J.  C.  Kolsem,  mayor  of  Terre  Haute. 

Indian  Territory.— Joshua  Ross,  secretary  Indian  International  Agricultural  Society 
and  Fair  Association. 

Iowa. — William  Larrabee,  governor  of  Iowa;  J.  H.  Philips,  mayor  of  Des Moines; 
James  C.  Davis,  mayor  of  Keokuk;  A.  G.  Adams,  mayor  of  Burlington  and  president 
Burlington  Board  of  Trade ; G.  R.  Badgerow,  secretary  Sioux  City  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce; John  Glab,  mayor  of  Dubuque;  JohnR.  Shaffer,  secretary  State  Agricultural 
Society. 

Kansas. — John  A.  Martin,  governor  of  Kansas  ; R.  L.  Cofran,  mayor  of  Topeka  ; S. 
H.  Kelsey,  mayor  of  Atchison;  Jennie  M.  Ward,  vice-regent  for  Kansas  of  Mount 
Vernon  Association  ; H.  Miles  Moore,  secretary  Leavenworth  Board  of  Trade;  Will- 
iam Sims,  master  State  Grange;  George  Black,  secretary  State  Grange;  George  Y. 
Johnson,  secretary  .State  Fair  Association  ; J.  D.  Bowersock,  president  Lawrence 
Chamber  of  Commerce  ; H.  C.  Whitehead,  secretary  Lawrence  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce; Robert  Atkinson,  president  Ottawa  Board  of  Trade. 

Kentucky. — J.  Proctor  Knott,  governor  of  Kentucky ; H.  A.  Dudley,  secretary 
Louisville  Board  of  Trade  ; Eliza  B.  Woodward,  vice-regent  for  Kentucky  of  Mount 
Vernon  Association  ; James  C.  Wright,  mayor  of  Newport. 

Louisiana. — S.  D.  McEnery,  governor  of  Louisiana ; N.  D.  Wallace,  president  New 
Orleans  Produce  Exchange ; Henry  H.  Smith,  secretary  New  Orleans  Produce  Ex- 
change ; William  M.  Burwell,  secretary  New  Orleans  Chamber  of  Commerce ; Pearl 
Wright,  president  New  Orleans,  Mexican,  South  American,  and  Central  American 
Commercial  Exchange;  G.  T.  McCune,  secretary  New  Orleans,  Mexican,  South  Ameri- 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS.  55 


can,  and  Central  American  Commercial  Exchange ; Ida  A.  Richardson,  vice-regent 
for  Louisiana  of  Mount  Vernon  Association  ; Isaac  N.  Maynard,  manager  New  Orleans 
Clearing  House ; A.  K.  Miller,  president  New  Orleans  Maritime  Association ; L.  La- 
combe,  secretary  New  Orleans  Maritime  Association ; Daniel  Morgan,  master  State 
Grange  ; H.  W.  L.  Lewis,  secretary  State  Grange ; R.  N.  McKellar,  president  Shreve- 
port Cotton  Exchange ; J.  V.  Nolan,  secretary  Shreveport  Cotton  Exchange. 

Maine. — Frederick  Robie,  governor  of  Maine;  S.  S.  Marble,  governor  of  Maine; 
Margaret  J.  M.  Sweat,  vice-regent  for  Maine  of  Mount  Vernon  Association  ; Charles 
J.  Chapman,  mayor  of  Portland;  Joseph  E.  Blabon,  president  Portland  Merchants, 
Exchange  ; M.  N.  Rich,  secretary  Portland  Merchants’  Exchange;  A.  J.  Fuller,  pres- 
ident Bath  Board  of  Trade ; F.  W.  Weeks,  secretary  Bath  Board  of  Trade ; Charles 
S.  Pearl,  secretary  Bangor  Board  of  Trade;  Frederick  A.  Allen,  secretary  State 
Grange. 

Maryland. — E.  E.  Jackson,  governor  of  Maryland;  James  Hodges,  mayor  of  Balti- 
more ; Charles  D.  Fisher,  president  Baltimore  Board  of  Trade ; Charles  T.  Crane, 
secretary  Baltimore  Board  of  Trade;  E.  M.  Shryver,  president  Baltimore  Corn  and 
Flour  Exchange;  H.  A.  Parr,  president  Baltimore  Coru  and  Flour  Exchange;  Will- 
iam F.  Wheatly,  secretary  Baltimore  Corn  and  Flour  Exchange ; John  E.  Hurst, 
president  Baltimore  Merchants  and  Manufacturers’  Association  ; John  R.  Bland,  sec- 
retary Baltimore  Merchants  and  Manufacturers’  Association  ; Robert  Ober,  president 
Chemical  and  Fertilizer  Exchange ; Frank  Brown,  president  Maryland  Agricultural 
Association ; H.  M.  Murray,  master  State  Grange ; Thos.  Deford,  president  Baltimore 
Shoe  and  Leather  Board  of  Trade ; J.  Ross  Diggs,  secretary  Baltimore  Shoe  and 
Leather  Board  of  Trade ; Felix  Agnus,  D.  L.  Bartlett,  W.  T.  Biedler,  J.  R.  Brewer, 
D.  E.  Conklin,  J.  M.  Dulany,  Frank  Frick,  James  A.  Gary,  O.  A.  Gill,  Ernest  Hoen, 
Frank  N.  Hoen,  J.  M.  Hood,  T.  W.  Johnson,  F.  C.  Latrobe,  Eugene  Lovering,  Henry 
McShane,  C.  P.  Paine,  W.  S.  Powell,  J.  Frank  Supplee,  J.  McK.  White. 

Massachusetts. — William  Claflin,  president  New  England  Shoe  and  Leather  Associa- 
tion ; Charles  S.  Ingalls,  secretary  New  England  Shoe  and  Leather  Association ; pres- 
ident Boston  Board  of  Trade;  Charles  F.  Crosby,  secretary  Boston  Board  of  Trade; 
Edwin  D.  Metcalf,  mayor  of  Springfield  ; William  S.  Greene,  mayor  of  Fall  River; 
A.  B.  Bruce,  mayor  of  Lawrence;  William  E.  Russell,  mayor  of  Cambridge;  John 
M.  Raymond,  mayor  of  Salem  ; George  Jewett,  president  Fitchburg  Board  of  Trade; 
Arthur  A.  Brigham,  secretary  State  Grange. 

Michigan. — M.  H.  Chamberlain,  'mayor  of  Detroit ; F.  William  Lichtenburg,  presi- 
dent Detroit  Board  of  Trade  ; George  M.  Lane,  secretary  Detroit  Board  of  Trade ; T. 
H.  Hinchman,  president  Detroit  Merchants  and  Manufacturers’  Exchange ; J.  T. 
Cobb,  secretary  State  Grange;  Elizabeth  Rathbone,  vice-regent  for  Michigan  of 
Mount  Vernoh  Association. 

Minnesota. — L.  F.  Hubbard,  governor  of  Minnesota;  J.  M.  Bohrer,  president  Saint 
Paul  Board  of  Trade;  W.  G.  Gates,  secretary  of  the  Saint  Paul  Board  of  Trade;  Ed- 
mund Rice,  mayor  of  Saint  Paul ; William  F.  Phelps,  secretary  of  the  Saint  Paul 
Chamber  of  Commerce ; A.  A.  Ames,  mayor  of  Minneapolis ; Isaac  Atwater,  president 
Minneapolis  Board  of  Trade ; R.  C.  Judson,  secretary  State  Agricultural  Society ; W. 
S.  Chowen,  secretary  State  Grange;  Edgar  R.  Mills,  secretary  Duluth  Chamber  of 
Commerce;  William  F.  Phelps,  secretary  Duluth  Chamber  of  Commerce;  Lucien  J. 
Barnes,  secretary  Duluth  Produce  Exchange ; Ralph  W.  Baker,  secretary  Duluth 
Board  of  Trade;  M.  J.  Forbes,  president  Duluth  Board  of  Trade;  L.  A.  Hancock, 
president  Red  Wing  '’Board  of  Trade ; M.  J.  Daniels,  president  Rochester  Board  of 
Trade;  A.  T.  Stebbins,  secretary  Rochester  Board  of  Trade;  B.  B.  Herbert,  secretary 
Red  Wing  Board  of  Trade. 

Mississippi. — Robert  Lowry,  governor  of  Mississippi ; Philip  Crutcher,  secretary  of 
Vicksburg  Cotton  Exchange  ; L.  F.  Chiles,  secretary  State  Fair  Association. 

Missouri. — A.  P.  Morehouse,  governor  of  Missouri  ; J.  W.  Sanborn,  secretary  State 
Board  of  Agriculture  ; W.  H.  Miller,  secretary  Kansas  City  Commercial  Exchange ; 
F.  W.  Wyman,  president  Hannibal  Board  of  Trade  ; T.  T.  Luscombe,  president  Car- 
thage Board  of  Trade;  Charles  O.  Harrington,  secretary  Carthage  Board  of  Trade; 
H.  R.  W.  Hartwig,  president  Saint  Joseph  Board  of  Trade;  John  L.  Motter,  secre- 
tary Saint  Joseph  Board  ofTrade;  Joseph  H.  Alexander,  president  Saint  Charles  Com- 
mercial Exchange ; John  F.  Cahill,  manager. 

Montana. — S.  T.  Hauser,  governor  of  Montana  ; Robert  C.  Walker,  secretary  Helena 
Board  of  Trade. 

Nebraska. — James  W.  Dawes,  governor  of  Nebraska ; James  E.  Boyd,  mayor  of 
Omaha;  Max  Meyer,  president  Omaha  Board  of  Trade;  George  M.  Nattinger,  sec- 
retary Omaha  Board  of  Trade ; O.  E.  Hall,  master  State  Grange  ; R.  W.  Furnas,  sec- 
retary State  Board  of  Agriculture. 

Nevada. — C.  C.  Stevenson,  governor  of  Nevada. 

New  Hampshire. — Charles  F.  Sawyer,  governor  of  New  Hampshire;  Moody  Currier 
governor  of  New  Hampshire  ; William  H.  Sise,  president  Portsmouth  Board  of  Trade 
William  H.  Stinson,  master  State  Grange  ; N.  J.  Bachelder,  secretary  State  Grange 
H.  K.  Slayton,  secretary  Manchester  Board  of  Trade. 


56  PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS. 


New  Jersey. — Robert  S.  Green,  governor  of  New  Jersey;  Jesse  Pratt,  mayor  of 
Camden ; William  S.  Strong,  mayor  of  New  Brunswick ; B.  H.  Campbell,  president 
Elizabeth  Board  of  Trade  ; C.  A.  Swift,  secretary  Elizabeth  Board  of  Trade;  P.  T. 
Quinn,  secretary  Newark  Board  of  Trade  ; M.  D.  Dickinson,  secretary  State  Grange ; 
W.  G.  Scott,  secretary  Paterson  Board  of  Trade. 

New  Mexico. — E.  G.  Ross,  governor  of  New  Mexico. 

Neio  York. — D.  D.  Whitney,  mayor  of  Brooklyn;  M.  Lernrin,  secretary  Italian 
Chamber  of  Commerce  of  New  York;  Ambrose  Snow,  president  New  York  Board  of 
Trade  and  Transportation ; Louis  Contencin,  president  Italian  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce; Alexander  Oldrini,  member  Italian  Chamber  of  Commerce;  Phillip  Beckor, 
mayor  of  Buffalo ; Thomas  E.  Kinney,  mayor  of  Utica  ; Albert  J.  Wright,  president 
Buffalo  Merchants’  Exchange  ; William  Thurstone,  secretary  Buffalo  Merchants’  Ex- 
change ; J.  R.  Joslyn,  secretary  Elmira  Board  of  Trade  ; John  Boyd  Thacher,  mayor 
of  Albany  ; S.  H.  Parker,  secretary  Geneva  Board  of  Trade ; Edward  C.  Boynton, 
secretary  Newburgh  Board  of  Trade  ; Edward  Elsworth,  mayor  of  Poughkeepsie. 

North  Carolina. — A.  M.  Scales,  governor  of  North  Carolina;  J.  H.  Currie,  presi- 
dent Wilmington  Produce  Exchange;  T.  C.  Williams,  secretary  State  Agricultural 
Society;  W.  R.  Williams,  master  State  Grange. 

Ohio. — Amor  Smith,  jr.,  mayor  of  Cincinnati ; George  W.  Gardner,  mayor  of  Cleve- 
land; Samuel  F.  Forbes,  mayor  of  Toledo;  William  Edwards,  president  Cleveland 
Board  of  Trade ; X.  X.  Crum,  secretary  Cleveland  Board  of  Trade ; Denison  T.  Smith, 
secretary  Toledo  Produce  Exchange;  C.  D.  Firestone,  president  Columbus  Board  of 
Trade;  Charles  G.  Lord,  secretary  Columbus  Board  of  Trade;  James  P.  Goodwin, 
mayor  of  Springfield;  O.  S.  Kelly,  mayor  of  Springfield ; Ira  Crawford,  mayor  of  Day- 
ton  ; M.  Churchill,  president  Zanesville  Board  of  Trade  ; William  M.  Shinnick,  secre- 
tary Zanesville  Board  of  Trade  ; J.  H.  Brigham,  master  State  Grange  ; T.  R.  Smith, 
secretary  State  Grange. 

Oregon. — Z.  F.  Moody,  governor  of  Oregon ; Donald  Macleay,  president  Portland 
Board  of  Trade;  John  Gates,  mayor  of  Portland. 

Pennsylvania. — Robert  E.  Pattison,  governor  of  Pennsylvania;  William  B.  Smith, 
mayor  of  Philadelphia ; J.  Wesley  Supplee,  president  Philadelphia  Commercial  Ex- 
change ; C.  Ross  Smith,  secretary  Philadelphia  Commercial  Exchange ; George  E. 
Paul,  president  Philadelphia  Produce  Exchange  ; Howard  Austin,  secretary  Phila- 
delphia Produce  Exchange  ; John  F.  Dravo,  president  Pittsburgh  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce ; S.  L.  McHenry,  secretary  Pittsburgh  Chamber  of  Commerce ; Thomas  J. 
Edge,  secretary  State  Board  of  Agriculture ; Leonard  Rhone,  master  State  Grange ; 
Ezra  H.  Rippie,  mayor  of  Scranton ; E.  G.  Martin,  president  Allentown  Board  of 
Trade;  E.  H.  Reninger,  secretary  Allentown  Board  of  Trade;  Benjamin  Blum,  sec- 
retary Meadville  Board  of  Industry  ; W.  R.  Johns,  secretary  Oil  City  Board  of  Trade ; 
J.  B.  Olmstead,  president  Titusville  Merchants’  Association ; E.  H.  Ames,  secretary 
Titusville  Merchants  and  Manufacturers’  Association  ; James  R.  Kenney,  mayor  of 
Reading ; Isaac  McHose,  president  of  Reading  Board  of  Trade ; J.  F.  Keever,  secre- 
tary Reading  Board  of  Trade. 

Rhode  Island . — John  W.  Davis,  governor  of  Rhode  Island  ; G.  F.  Robbins,  mayor 
of  Providence ; C.  W.  Smith,  secretary  Rhode  Island  Society  for  Encouragement  of 
Domestic  Industry. 

South  Carolina. — John  P.  Richardson,  governor  of  South  Carolina;  Thos.  D.  Jenry, 
president  Charleston  Chamber  of  Commerce;  A.  Walton  Taft,  president  Charleston 
Exchange ; Geo.  W.  Bell,  secretary  Charleston  Merchants’  Exchange ; S.  A.  Pearce, 
president  Columbia  Board  of  Trade  ; Robert  M.  Anderson,  secretary  Columbia  Board 
of  Trade;  James  N.  Lipscomb,  master  State  Grange  ; Thomas  W.  Holloway,  secretary 
State  Grange  and  secretary  State  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Society ; E.  L.  Roche, 
secretary  Agricultural  Society  of  South  Carolina. 

Tennessee. — William  B.  Bate,  governor  of  Tennessee;  Thomas  A.  Kercheval,  mayor  of 
Nashville  ; H.  C.  Hensley,  president  of  Nashville  Merchants’ Exchange  ; O.  H.  Hi<zlit, 
seceretary  of  Nashville  Merchants’  Exchange;  W.  J.  Chase,  president  of  Memphis  Mer- 
chants’ Exchange;  E.  A.  Keeling,  secretary  Merchants’  Exchange;  G.  C.  Conner, 
president  Chattanooga  Iron  and  Coal  and  Manufacturers’  Association  ; H.  M.  Wiltse, 
secretary  Chattanooga  Iron  and  Coal  and  Manufacturers’  Association ; A.  J.  Mc- 
Whirter,  State  commissioner  of  agriculture;  W.  H.  Nelson,  master  State  Grange  ; S. 
M.  Wilson,  secretary  State  Grange. 

Texas. — John  Ireland,  governor  of  Texas ; R.  L.  Fulton,  mayor  of  Galveston  ; J.  W. 
Robertson,  mayor  of  Austin ; John  Henry  Brown,  mayor  of  Dallas ; H.  S.  Broiles, 
mayor  of  Fort  Worth;  A.  J.  Rose,  master  State  Grange;  R.  T.  Kennedy,  secretary 
State  Grange  ; E.  C.  Bartholomew,  secretary  State  Fair  Association. 

Utah. — Caleb  W.  West,  governor  of  Utah;  Francis  Armstrong,  mayor  of  Salt  Lake 
City. 

Vermont. — E.  J.  Ormsbee,  governor  of  Vermont ; Samuel  E.  Pingree,  governor  of 
Vermont;  Hiram  A.  Cutting,  secretary  Vermont  department  of  agriculture. 


PERMANENT  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  THREE  AMERICAS.  57 


Virginia. — Fitzhugh  Lee,  governor  of  Virginia;  Emma  R.  Ball,  vice-regent  for 
Virginia  of  Mount  Vernon  Association;  A.  R.  Venable,  secretary  Virginia  State 
Agricultural  Society;  Philip  Haxall,  president  Richmond  Grain  and  Cotton  Ex- 
change; B.  A.  Jacob,  secretary  Richmond  Grain  and  Cotton  Exchange;  George 
A.  Ainslie,  president  Richmond  Chamber  of  Commerce;  W.  D.  Chesterman,  secre- 
tary Richmond  Chamber  of  Commerce;  George  L.  Christian,  member  Chamber 
of  Commerce;  J.  R.  Anderson,  member  Chamber  of  Commerce;  R.  A.  Dunlap,  mem- 
ber Chamber  of  Commerce;  W.  C.  Carrington,  mayor  of  Richmond;  Ashton  Starke, 
vice-president  Virginia  Mechanics  Institute;  E.  B.  Freeman,  secretary  Norfolk  and 
Portsmouth  Merchants  and  Manufacturers’  Exchange ; W.  H.  Holmes,  president  Nor- 
folk and  Portsmouth  Cotton  Exchange;  John  H.  Hume,  president  Portsmouth 
Board  of  Trade  and  Exchange ; Barton  Myers,  mayor  of  Norfolk  ; J.  C.  Shields,  sec- 
retary Staunton  Chamber  of  Commerce  ; C.  E.  Burton,  secretary  Petersburgh  Chamber 
of  Commerce;  John  T.  Edwards,  president  Lynchburgh  Tobacco  Association ; James 
Franklin,  secretary  Lynchburgh  Tobacco  Association ; R.  T.  Craighill,  member 
Lynchburgh  Tobacco  Association  ; G.  W.  Smith,  member  Lynchburgh  Tobacco  Asso- 
ciation ; John  W.  Carroll,  member  Lynchburgh  Tobacco  Association ; Charles  Wat- 
kins, president  Richmond  Tobacco  Exchange  ; David  Bridges,  secretary  Richmond 
Tobacco  Exchange ; Louis  Ginteo,  member  Richmond  Tobacco  Exchauge ; L.  Lattier, 
member  Richmond  Tobacco  Exchange  ; Alex.  Cameron,  member  Richmond  Tobacco 
Exchange;  George  W.  Mayo,  secretary  State  Agricultural  Society  ; Randolph  Harri- 
son, State  commissioner  of  agriculture;  X.  X.  Charters,  master  State  Grange; 
Thomas  S.  Stadden,  secretary  State  Grange ; Alex.  J.  Weddeburn,  member  Virginia 
State  Grange. 

Washington  Territory. — Eugene  Semple,  governor  of  Washington  Territory ; Watson 
C.  Squire,  governor  of  Washington  Territory;  John  W.  Sprague,  president  Tacoma 
Chamber  of  Commerce;  E.  N.  Fuller,  secretary  Tacoma  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

West  Virginia. — E.  W.  Wilson,  governor  of  West  Virginia ; Ella  B.  Washington, 
vice- regent  for  West  Virginia  of  Mount  Vernon  Association  ; Noyes  Burlew,  president 
Charleston  Board  of  Trade;  Joseph  Rutfner,  secretary  Charleston  Board  of  Trade; 
J.  E.  Hall,  master  State  Grange  ; William  Haynes,  secretary  State  Grange  ; George 
Hook,  secretary  West  Virginia  Exposition  Association. 

Wisconsin. — John  Johnston,  president  Milwaukee  Chamber  of  Commerce;  W.  J. 
Langston,  secretary  Milwaukee  Chamber  of  Commerce ; Martha  Mitchell,  vice-regent 
for  Wisconsin  of  Mount  Vernon  Association  ; Clinton  Babbitt,  secretary  State  Agri- 
cultural Society;  A.  Hirshheimer,  president  LaCrosse  Board  of  Trade;  R.  Calvert, 
secretary  La  Crosse  Board  of  Trade;  S.  C.  Carr,  master  State  Grange. 

Wyoming. — Thomas  Moonlight,  governor  of  Wyoming;  Francis  E.  Warren,  governor 
of  YVyoming;  Thomas  Sturgis,  secretary  Wyoming  Stock-Growers’  Association. 

At  large. — Thomas  L.  Airey,  president  National  Cotton  Exchange  of  America  ; Lily 
L.  Macalester  Laughton,  regent  Mount  Vernon  Association  of  the  Union;  Put  Dar- 
den, master  National  Grange  ; John  Trimble,  secretary  National  Grange  ; J.  M.  Blan- 
ton, chairman  executive  committee  of  National  Grange:  Clarence  W.  Bowen,  treas- 
urer American  Historical  Society, 

H.  Rep.  2601- 5 


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